# Copyright 2015 The TensorFlow Authors. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
# ==============================================================================
"""Math Operations.
Note: Functions taking `Tensor` arguments can also take anything accepted by
`tf.convert_to_tensor`.
Note: Elementwise binary operations in TensorFlow follow [numpy-style
broadcasting](http://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/user/basics.broadcasting.html).
TensorFlow provides a variety of math functions including:
* Basic arithmetic operators and trigonometric functions.
* Special math functions (like: `tf.math.igamma` and `tf.math.zeta`)
* Complex number functions (like: `tf.math.imag` and `tf.math.angle`)
* Reductions and scans (like: `tf.math.reduce_mean` and `tf.math.cumsum`)
* Segment functions (like: `tf.math.segment_sum`)
See: `tf.linalg` for matrix and tensor functions.
<a id=Segmentation></a>
## About Segmentation
TensorFlow provides several operations that you can use to perform common
math computations on tensor segments.
Here a segmentation is a partitioning of a tensor along
the first dimension, i.e. it defines a mapping from the first dimension onto
`segment_ids`. The `segment_ids` tensor should be the size of
the first dimension, `d0`, with consecutive IDs in the range `0` to `k`,
where `k<d0`.
In particular, a segmentation of a matrix tensor is a mapping of rows to
segments.
For example:
```python
c = tf.constant([[1,2,3,4], [-1,-2,-3,-4], [5,6,7,8]])
tf.math.segment_sum(c, tf.constant([0, 0, 1]))
# ==> [[0 0 0 0]
# [5 6 7 8]]
```
The standard `segment_*` functions assert that the segment indices are sorted.
If you have unsorted indices use the equivalent `unsorted_segment_` function.
These functions take an additional argument `num_segments` so that the output
tensor can be efficiently allocated.
``` python
c = tf.constant([[1,2,3,4], [-1,-2,-3,-4], [5,6,7,8]])
tf.math.unsorted_segment_sum(c, tf.constant([0, 1, 0]), num_segments=2)
# ==> [[ 6, 8, 10, 12],
# [-1, -2, -3, -4]]
```
"""
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function
import numpy as np
import six
from six.moves import builtins
from six.moves import xrange # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
from tensorflow.python.eager import context
from tensorflow.python.framework import constant_op
from tensorflow.python.framework import dtypes
from tensorflow.python.framework import graph_util
from tensorflow.python.framework import ops
from tensorflow.python.framework import sparse_tensor
from tensorflow.python.framework import tensor_shape
from tensorflow.python.ops import array_ops
from tensorflow.python.ops import gen_array_ops
from tensorflow.python.ops import gen_data_flow_ops
from tensorflow.python.ops import gen_math_ops
from tensorflow.python.ops import gen_nn_ops
from tensorflow.python.ops import gen_sparse_ops
# go/tf-wildcard-import
# pylint: disable=wildcard-import
from tensorflow.python.ops.gen_math_ops import *
# pylint: enable=wildcard-import
from tensorflow.python.platform import tf_logging as logging
from tensorflow.python.util import compat
from tensorflow.python.util import deprecation
from tensorflow.python.util import dispatch
from tensorflow.python.util import nest
from tensorflow.python.util.tf_export import tf_export
# Aliases for some automatically-generated names.
linspace = gen_math_ops.lin_space
nextafter = gen_math_ops.next_after
arg_max = deprecation.deprecated(None, "Use `tf.math.argmax` instead")(arg_max) # pylint: disable=used-before-assignment
arg_min = deprecation.deprecated(None, "Use `tf.math.argmin` instead")(arg_min) # pylint: disable=used-before-assignment
tf_export(v1=["arg_max"])(arg_max)
tf_export(v1=["arg_min"])(arg_min)
# This is set by resource_variable_ops.py. It is included in this way since
# there is a circular dependency between math_ops and resource_variable_ops
_resource_variable_type = None
def _set_doc(doc):
def _decorator(func):
func.__doc__ = doc
return func
return _decorator
# pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
[文档]@tf_export(v1=["math.argmax", "argmax"])
@deprecation.deprecated_args(None, "Use the `axis` argument instead",
"dimension")
@_set_doc(
gen_math_ops.arg_max.__doc__.replace("dimensions",
"axes").replace("dimension", "axis"))
def argmax(input,
axis=None,
name=None,
dimension=None,
output_type=dtypes.int64):
axis = deprecation.deprecated_argument_lookup("axis", axis, "dimension",
dimension)
return argmax_v2(input, axis, output_type, name)
@tf_export("math.argmax", "argmax", v1=[])
def argmax_v2(input, axis=None, output_type=dtypes.int64, name=None):
"""Returns the index with the largest value across axes of a tensor.
Note that in case of ties the identity of the return value is not guaranteed.
For example:
>>> A = tf.constant([2, 20, 30, 3, 6])
>>> tf.math.argmax(A) # A[2] is maximum in tensor A
<tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=int64, numpy=2>
>>> B = tf.constant([[2, 20, 30, 3, 6], [3, 11, 16, 1, 8],
... [14, 45, 23, 5, 27]])
>>> tf.math.argmax(B, 0)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(5,), dtype=int64, numpy=array([2, 2, 0, 2, 2])>
>>> tf.math.argmax(B, 1)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(3,), dtype=int64, numpy=array([2, 2, 1])>
Args:
input: A `Tensor`.
axis: An integer, the axis to reduce across. Default to 0.
output_type: An optional output dtype (`tf.int32` or `tf.int64`). Defaults
to `tf.int64`.
name: An optional name for the operation.
Returns:
A `Tensor` of type `output_type`.
"""
if axis is None:
axis = 0
return gen_math_ops.arg_max(input, axis, name=name, output_type=output_type)
[文档]@tf_export(v1=["math.argmin", "argmin"])
@deprecation.deprecated_args(None, "Use the `axis` argument instead",
"dimension")
@_set_doc(
gen_math_ops.arg_min.__doc__.replace("dimensions",
"axes").replace("dimension", "axis"))
def argmin(input,
axis=None,
name=None,
dimension=None,
output_type=dtypes.int64):
axis = deprecation.deprecated_argument_lookup("axis", axis, "dimension",
dimension)
return argmin_v2(input, axis, output_type, name)
@tf_export("math.argmin", "argmin", v1=[])
def argmin_v2(input, axis=None, output_type=dtypes.int64, name=None):
"""Returns the index with the smallest value across axes of a tensor.
Note that in case of ties the identity of the return value is not guaranteed.
Args:
input: A `Tensor`. Must be one of the following types: `float32`, `float64`,
`int32`, `uint8`, `int16`, `int8`, `complex64`, `int64`, `qint8`,
`quint8`, `qint32`, `bfloat16`, `uint16`, `complex128`, `half`, `uint32`,
`uint64`.
axis: A `Tensor`. Must be one of the following types: `int32`, `int64`.
int32 or int64, must be in the range `-rank(input), rank(input))`.
Describes which axis of the input Tensor to reduce across. For vectors,
use axis = 0.
output_type: An optional `tf.DType` from: `tf.int32, tf.int64`. Defaults to
`tf.int64`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `Tensor` of type `output_type`.
Usage:
```python
import tensorflow as tf
a = [1, 10, 26.9, 2.8, 166.32, 62.3]
b = tf.math.argmin(input = a)
c = tf.keras.backend.eval(b)
# c = 0
# here a[0] = 1 which is the smallest element of a across axis 0
```
"""
if axis is None:
axis = 0
return gen_math_ops.arg_min(input, axis, name=name, output_type=output_type)
# pylint: enable=redefined-builtin
# pylint: disable=anomalous-backslash-in-string,protected-access
# pylint: disable=g-docstring-has-escape
[文档]@tf_export("math.abs", "abs")
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def abs(x, name=None): # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
r"""Computes the absolute value of a tensor.
Given a tensor of integer or floating-point values, this operation returns a
tensor of the same type, where each element contains the absolute value of the
corresponding element in the input.
Given a tensor `x` of complex numbers, this operation returns a tensor of type
`float32` or `float64` that is the absolute value of each element in `x`. For
a complex number \\(a + bj\\), its absolute value is computed as \\(\sqrt{a^2
+ b^2}\\). For example:
>>> x = tf.constant([[-2.25 + 4.75j], [-3.25 + 5.75j]])
>>> tf.abs(x)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(2, 1), dtype=float64, numpy=
array([[5.25594901],
[6.60492241]])>
Args:
x: A `Tensor` or `SparseTensor` of type `float16`, `float32`, `float64`,
`int32`, `int64`, `complex64` or `complex128`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `Tensor` or `SparseTensor` of the same size, type and sparsity as `x`,
with absolute values. Note, for `complex64` or `complex128` input, the
returned `Tensor` will be of type `float32` or `float64`, respectively.
"""
with ops.name_scope(name, "Abs", [x]) as name:
x = ops.convert_to_tensor(x, name="x")
if x.dtype.is_complex:
return gen_math_ops.complex_abs(x, Tout=x.dtype.real_dtype, name=name)
return gen_math_ops._abs(x, name=name)
# pylint: enable=g-docstring-has-escape
# pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
def _bucketize(input, boundaries, name=None):
return gen_math_ops.bucketize(input=input, boundaries=boundaries, name=name)
# pylint: enable=redefined-builtin
class DivideDelegateWithName(object):
"""Use Python2/Python3 division delegation to implement divide for tensors."""
def __init__(self, x, name):
"""Construct DivideDelegateWithName.
Args:
x: Tensor to use as left operand in operator overloads
name: The name that is preferred for the op created.
"""
self.x = x
self.name = name
def __truediv__(self, y):
return _truediv_python3(self.x, y, self.name)
def __floordiv__(self, y):
return floordiv(self.x, y, self.name)
def __div__(self, y):
return _div_python2(self.x, y, self.name)
[文档]@tf_export("math.divide", "divide")
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def divide(x, y, name=None):
"""Computes Python style division of `x` by `y`.
For example:
>>> x = tf.constant([16, 12, 11])
>>> y = tf.constant([4, 6, 2])
>>> tf.divide(x,y)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(3,), dtype=float64,
numpy=array([4. , 2. , 5.5])>
Args:
x: A `Tensor`
y: A `Tensor`
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `Tensor` with same shape as input
"""
if name is not None:
# Cannot use tensors operator overload, because it has no way to track
# override names. Use a dummy class to track the runtime division behavior
return DivideDelegateWithName(x, name) / y
else:
return x / y
[文档]@tf_export("math.multiply", "multiply")
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def multiply(x, y, name=None):
"""Returns an element-wise x * y.
For example:
>>> x = tf.constant(([1, 2, 3, 4]))
>>> tf.math.multiply(x, x)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(4,), dtype=..., numpy=array([ 1, 4, 9, 16], dtype=int32)>
Since `tf.math.multiply` will convert its arguments to `Tensor`s, you can also
pass in non-`Tensor` arguments:
>>> tf.math.multiply(7,6)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=int32, numpy=42>
If `x.shape` is not thes same as `y.shape`, they will be broadcast to a
compatible shape. (More about broadcasting
[here](https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/user/basics.broadcasting.html).)
For example:
>>> x = tf.ones([1, 2]);
>>> y = tf.ones([2, 1]);
>>> x * y # Taking advantage of operator overriding
<tf.Tensor: shape=(2, 2), dtype=float32, numpy=
array([[1., 1.],
[1., 1.]], dtype=float32)>
Args:
x: A Tensor. Must be one of the following types: `bfloat16`,
`half`, `float32`, `float64`, `uint8`, `int8`, `uint16`,
`int16`, `int32`, `int64`, `complex64`, `complex128`.
y: A `Tensor`. Must have the same type as `x`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `Tensor`. Has the same type as `x`.
Raises:
* InvalidArgumentError: When `x` and `y` have incomptatible shapes or types.
"""
return gen_math_ops.mul(x, y, name)
# TODO(aselle): put deprecation in after another round of global code changes
@deprecation.deprecated(
"2016-12-30",
"`tf.mul(x, y)` is deprecated; use `tf.math.multiply(x, y)` or `x * y`")
def _mul(x, y, name=None):
return gen_math_ops.mul(x, y, name)
_mul.__doc__ = (
gen_math_ops.mul.__doc__ + ("" if _mul.__doc__ is None else _mul.__doc__))
[文档]@tf_export("math.subtract", "subtract")
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def subtract(x, y, name=None):
return gen_math_ops.sub(x, y, name)
subtract.__doc__ = gen_math_ops.sub.__doc__.replace("`Sub`", "`tf.subtract`")
# TODO(aselle): put deprecation in after another round of global code changes
@deprecation.deprecated(
"2016-12-30",
"`tf.sub(x, y)` is deprecated, please use `tf.subtract(x, y)` or `x - y`")
def _sub(x, y, name=None):
return gen_math_ops.sub(x, y, name)
_sub.__doc__ = (
gen_math_ops.sub.__doc__ + ("" if _sub.__doc__ is None else _sub.__doc__))
negative = gen_math_ops.neg
# pylint: disable=g-docstring-has-escape
@deprecation.deprecated(
"2016-12-30",
"`tf.neg(x)` is deprecated, please use `tf.negative(x)` or `-x`")
def _neg(x, name=None):
"""Computes numerical negative value element-wise.
I.e., \\(y = -x\\).
Args:
x: A `Tensor` or `SparseTensor`. Must be one of the following types: `half`,
`float32`, `float64`, `int32`, `int64`, `complex64`, `complex128`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `Tensor` or `SparseTensor`, respectively. Has the same type as `x`.
"""
return negative(x, name)
# pylint: enable=g-docstring-has-escape
[文档]@tf_export(v1=["math.scalar_mul", "scalar_mul"])
def scalar_mul(scalar, x, name=None):
"""Multiplies a scalar times a `Tensor` or `IndexedSlices` object.
Intended for use in gradient code which might deal with `IndexedSlices`
objects, which are easy to multiply by a scalar but more expensive to
multiply with arbitrary tensors.
Args:
scalar: A 0-D scalar `Tensor`. Must have known shape.
x: A `Tensor` or `IndexedSlices` to be scaled.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
`scalar * x` of the same type (`Tensor` or `IndexedSlices`) as `x`.
Raises:
ValueError: if scalar is not a 0-D `scalar`.
"""
scalar = ops.convert_to_tensor(
scalar, dtype=x.dtype.base_dtype, name="scalar")
shape = scalar.get_shape()
if shape.ndims == 0:
if isinstance(x, ops.IndexedSlices):
return ops.IndexedSlices(
gen_math_ops.mul(scalar, x.values, name), x.indices, x.dense_shape)
else:
return gen_math_ops.mul(scalar, x, name)
else:
raise ValueError("Only scalar multiply works, got shape %s" % shape)
@tf_export("math.scalar_mul", "scalar_mul", v1=[])
@_set_doc(scalar_mul.__doc__)
def scalar_mul_v2(scalar, x, name=None):
with ops.name_scope(name, "scalar_mul", [x]) as name:
return scalar_mul(scalar, x, name)
[文档]@tf_export("math.pow", "pow")
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def pow(x, y, name=None): # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
r"""Computes the power of one value to another.
Given a tensor `x` and a tensor `y`, this operation computes \\(x^y\\) for
corresponding elements in `x` and `y`. For example:
```python
x = tf.constant([[2, 2], [3, 3]])
y = tf.constant([[8, 16], [2, 3]])
tf.pow(x, y) # [[256, 65536], [9, 27]]
```
Args:
x: A `Tensor` of type `float16`, `float32`, `float64`, `int32`, `int64`,
`complex64`, or `complex128`.
y: A `Tensor` of type `float16`, `float32`, `float64`, `int32`, `int64`,
`complex64`, or `complex128`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `Tensor`.
"""
with ops.name_scope(name, "Pow", [x]) as name:
return gen_math_ops._pow(x, y, name=name)
# pylint: disable=redefined-builtin,redefined-outer-name
[文档]@tf_export("dtypes.complex", "complex")
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def complex(real, imag, name=None):
r"""Converts two real numbers to a complex number.
Given a tensor `real` representing the real part of a complex number, and a
tensor `imag` representing the imaginary part of a complex number, this
operation returns complex numbers elementwise of the form \\(a + bj\\), where
*a* represents the `real` part and *b* represents the `imag` part.
The input tensors `real` and `imag` must have the same shape.
For example:
```python
real = tf.constant([2.25, 3.25])
imag = tf.constant([4.75, 5.75])
tf.complex(real, imag) # [[2.25 + 4.75j], [3.25 + 5.75j]]
```
Args:
real: A `Tensor`. Must be one of the following types: `float32`, `float64`.
imag: A `Tensor`. Must have the same type as `real`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `Tensor` of type `complex64` or `complex128`.
Raises:
TypeError: Real and imag must be correct types
"""
real = ops.convert_to_tensor(real, name="real")
imag = ops.convert_to_tensor(imag, name="imag")
with ops.name_scope(name, "Complex", [real, imag]) as name:
input_types = (real.dtype, imag.dtype)
if input_types == (dtypes.float64, dtypes.float64):
Tout = dtypes.complex128
elif input_types == (dtypes.float32, dtypes.float32):
Tout = dtypes.complex64
else:
raise TypeError("real and imag have incorrect types: "
"{} {}".format(real.dtype.name, imag.dtype.name))
return gen_math_ops._complex(real, imag, Tout=Tout, name=name)
[文档]@tf_export("math.sign", "sign")
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def sign(x, name=None):
"""Returns an element-wise indication of the sign of a number.
y = sign(x) = -1 if x < 0; 0 if x == 0; 1 if x > 0.
For complex numbers, y = sign(x) = x / |x| if x != 0, otherwise y = 0.
Example usage:
>>> tf.math.sign([0., 2., -3.])
<tf.Tensor: ... numpy=array([ 0., 1., -1.], dtype=float32)>
Args:
x: A Tensor. Must be one of the following types: bfloat16, half, float32,
float64, int32, int64, complex64, complex128.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A Tensor. Has the same type as x.
If x is a SparseTensor, returns SparseTensor(x.indices,
tf.math.sign(x.values, ...), x.dense_shape).
"""
x = ops.convert_to_tensor(x)
if x.dtype in (dtypes.complex64, dtypes.complex128):
return gen_math_ops.div_no_nan(
x,
cast(
gen_math_ops.complex_abs(
x,
Tout=dtypes.float32
if x.dtype == dtypes.complex64 else dtypes.float64),
dtype=x.dtype),
name=name)
return gen_math_ops.sign(x, name=name)
@tf_export("math.real", v1=["math.real", "real"])
@deprecation.deprecated_endpoints("real")
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def real(input, name=None):
r"""Returns the real part of a complex (or real) tensor.
Given a tensor `input`, this operation returns a tensor of type `float` that
is the real part of each element in `input` considered as a complex number.
For example:
```python
x = tf.constant([-2.25 + 4.75j, 3.25 + 5.75j])
tf.math.real(x) # [-2.25, 3.25]
```
If `input` is already real, it is returned unchanged.
Args:
input: A `Tensor`. Must have numeric type.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `Tensor` of type `float32` or `float64`.
"""
with ops.name_scope(name, "Real", [input]) as name:
input = ops.convert_to_tensor(input, name="input")
if input.dtype.is_complex:
real_dtype = input.dtype.real_dtype
return gen_math_ops.real(input, Tout=real_dtype, name=name)
else:
return input
@tf_export("math.imag", v1=["math.imag", "imag"])
@deprecation.deprecated_endpoints("imag")
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def imag(input, name=None):
r"""Returns the imaginary part of a complex (or real) tensor.
Given a tensor `input`, this operation returns a tensor of type `float` that
is the imaginary part of each element in `input` considered as a complex
number. If `input` is real, a tensor of all zeros is returned.
For example:
```python
x = tf.constant([-2.25 + 4.75j, 3.25 + 5.75j])
tf.math.imag(x) # [4.75, 5.75]
```
Args:
input: A `Tensor`. Must be one of the following types: `float`, `double`,
`complex64`, `complex128`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `Tensor` of type `float32` or `float64`.
"""
with ops.name_scope(name, "Imag", [input]) as name:
input = ops.convert_to_tensor(input, name="input")
if input.dtype.is_complex:
return gen_math_ops.imag(input, Tout=input.dtype.real_dtype, name=name)
else:
return array_ops.zeros_like(input)
@tf_export("math.angle", v1=["math.angle", "angle"])
@deprecation.deprecated_endpoints("angle")
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def angle(input, name=None):
r"""Returns the element-wise argument of a complex (or real) tensor.
Given a tensor `input`, this operation returns a tensor of type `float` that
is the argument of each element in `input` considered as a complex number.
The elements in `input` are considered to be complex numbers of the form
\\(a + bj\\), where *a* is the real part and *b* is the imaginary part.
If `input` is real then *b* is zero by definition.
The argument returned by this function is of the form \\(atan2(b, a)\\).
If `input` is real, a tensor of all zeros is returned.
For example:
```
input = tf.constant([-2.25 + 4.75j, 3.25 + 5.75j], dtype=tf.complex64)
tf.math.angle(input).numpy()
# ==> array([2.0131705, 1.056345 ], dtype=float32)
```
Args:
input: A `Tensor`. Must be one of the following types: `float`, `double`,
`complex64`, `complex128`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `Tensor` of type `float32` or `float64`.
"""
with ops.name_scope(name, "Angle", [input]) as name:
input = ops.convert_to_tensor(input, name="input")
if input.dtype.is_complex:
return gen_math_ops.angle(input, Tout=input.dtype.real_dtype, name=name)
else:
return array_ops.zeros_like(input)
# pylint: enable=redefined-outer-name,redefined-builtin
[文档]@tf_export("math.round", "round")
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def round(x, name=None): # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
"""Rounds the values of a tensor to the nearest integer, element-wise.
Rounds half to even. Also known as bankers rounding. If you want to round
according to the current system rounding mode use tf::cint.
For example:
```python
x = tf.constant([0.9, 2.5, 2.3, 1.5, -4.5])
tf.round(x) # [ 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, -4.0 ]
```
Args:
x: A `Tensor` of type `float16`, `float32`, `float64`, `int32`, or `int64`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `Tensor` of same shape and type as `x`.
"""
x = ops.convert_to_tensor(x, name="x")
if x.dtype.is_integer:
return x
else:
return gen_math_ops.round(x, name=name)
[文档]@tf_export("cast", "dtypes.cast")
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def cast(x, dtype, name=None):
"""Casts a tensor to a new type.
The operation casts `x` (in case of `Tensor`) or `x.values`
(in case of `SparseTensor` or `IndexedSlices`) to `dtype`.
For example:
>>> x = tf.constant([1.8, 2.2], dtype=tf.float32)
>>> tf.dtypes.cast(x, tf.int32)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(2,), dtype=int32, numpy=array([1, 2], dtype=int32)>
The operation supports data types (for `x` and `dtype`) of
`uint8`, `uint16`, `uint32`, `uint64`, `int8`, `int16`, `int32`, `int64`,
`float16`, `float32`, `float64`, `complex64`, `complex128`, `bfloat16`.
In case of casting from complex types (`complex64`, `complex128`) to real
types, only the real part of `x` is returned. In case of casting from real
types to complex types (`complex64`, `complex128`), the imaginary part of the
returned value is set to `0`. The handling of complex types here matches the
behavior of numpy.
Args:
x: A `Tensor` or `SparseTensor` or `IndexedSlices` of numeric type. It could
be `uint8`, `uint16`, `uint32`, `uint64`, `int8`, `int16`, `int32`,
`int64`, `float16`, `float32`, `float64`, `complex64`, `complex128`,
`bfloat16`.
dtype: The destination type. The list of supported dtypes is the same as
`x`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `Tensor` or `SparseTensor` or `IndexedSlices` with same shape as `x` and
same type as `dtype`.
Raises:
TypeError: If `x` cannot be cast to the `dtype`.
"""
base_type = dtypes.as_dtype(dtype).base_dtype
if isinstance(x,
(ops.Tensor, _resource_variable_type)) and base_type == x.dtype:
return x
with ops.name_scope(name, "Cast", [x]) as name:
if isinstance(x, sparse_tensor.SparseTensor):
values_cast = cast(x.values, base_type, name=name)
x = sparse_tensor.SparseTensor(x.indices, values_cast, x.dense_shape)
elif isinstance(x, ops.IndexedSlices):
values_cast = cast(x.values, base_type, name=name)
x = ops.IndexedSlices(values_cast, x.indices, x.dense_shape)
else:
# TODO(josh11b): If x is not already a Tensor, we could return
# ops.convert_to_tensor(x, dtype=dtype, ...) here, but that
# allows some conversions that cast() can't do, e.g. casting numbers to
# strings.
x = ops.convert_to_tensor(x, name="x")
if x.dtype.base_dtype != base_type:
x = gen_math_ops.cast(x, base_type, name=name)
if x.dtype.is_complex and base_type.is_floating:
logging.warn("Casting complex to real discards imaginary part.")
return x
[文档]@tf_export("dtypes.saturate_cast", "saturate_cast")
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def saturate_cast(value, dtype, name=None):
"""Performs a safe saturating cast of `value` to `dtype`.
This function casts the input to `dtype` without applying any scaling. If
there is a danger that values would over or underflow in the cast, this op
applies the appropriate clamping before the cast.
Args:
value: A `Tensor`.
dtype: The desired output `DType`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
`value` safely cast to `dtype`.
"""
# When casting to a type with smaller representable range, clamp.
# Note that this covers casting to unsigned types as well.
with ops.name_scope(name, "saturate_cast", [value]) as name:
value = ops.convert_to_tensor(value, name="value")
dtype = dtypes.as_dtype(dtype).base_dtype
if value.dtype.min < dtype.min:
value = gen_math_ops.maximum(
value,
ops.convert_to_tensor(dtype.min, dtype=value.dtype, name="min"))
if value.dtype.max > dtype.max:
value = gen_math_ops.minimum(
value,
ops.convert_to_tensor(dtype.max, dtype=value.dtype, name="max"))
return cast(value, dtype, name=name)
@deprecation.deprecated(date=None, instructions="Use `tf.cast` instead.")
@tf_export(v1=["to_float"])
def to_float(x, name="ToFloat"):
"""Casts a tensor to type `float32`.
Args:
x: A `Tensor` or `SparseTensor` or `IndexedSlices`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `Tensor` or `SparseTensor` or `IndexedSlices` with same shape as `x` with
type `float32`.
Raises:
TypeError: If `x` cannot be cast to the `float32`.
"""
return cast(x, dtypes.float32, name=name)
@deprecation.deprecated(date=None, instructions="Use `tf.cast` instead.")
@tf_export(v1=["to_double"])
def to_double(x, name="ToDouble"):
"""Casts a tensor to type `float64`.
Args:
x: A `Tensor` or `SparseTensor` or `IndexedSlices`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `Tensor` or `SparseTensor` or `IndexedSlices` with same shape as `x` with
type `float64`.
Raises:
TypeError: If `x` cannot be cast to the `float64`.
"""
return cast(x, dtypes.float64, name=name)
@deprecation.deprecated(date=None, instructions="Use `tf.cast` instead.")
@tf_export(v1=["to_int32"])
def to_int32(x, name="ToInt32"):
"""Casts a tensor to type `int32`.
Args:
x: A `Tensor` or `SparseTensor` or `IndexedSlices`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `Tensor` or `SparseTensor` or `IndexedSlices` with same shape as `x` with
type `int32`.
Raises:
TypeError: If `x` cannot be cast to the `int32`.
"""
return cast(x, dtypes.int32, name=name)
@deprecation.deprecated(date=None, instructions="Use `tf.cast` instead.")
@tf_export(v1=["to_int64"])
def to_int64(x, name="ToInt64"):
"""Casts a tensor to type `int64`.
Args:
x: A `Tensor` or `SparseTensor` or `IndexedSlices`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `Tensor` or `SparseTensor` or `IndexedSlices` with same shape as `x` with
type `int64`.
Raises:
TypeError: If `x` cannot be cast to the `int64`.
"""
return cast(x, dtypes.int64, name=name)
@deprecation.deprecated(date=None, instructions="Use `tf.cast` instead.")
@tf_export(v1=["to_bfloat16"])
def to_bfloat16(x, name="ToBFloat16"):
"""Casts a tensor to type `bfloat16`.
Args:
x: A `Tensor` or `SparseTensor` or `IndexedSlices`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `Tensor` or `SparseTensor` or `IndexedSlices` with same shape as `x` with
type `bfloat16`.
Raises:
TypeError: If `x` cannot be cast to the `bfloat16`.
"""
return cast(x, dtypes.bfloat16, name=name)
@deprecation.deprecated(date=None, instructions="Use `tf.cast` instead.")
@tf_export(v1=["to_complex64"])
def to_complex64(x, name="ToComplex64"):
"""Casts a tensor to type `complex64`.
Args:
x: A `Tensor` or `SparseTensor` or `IndexedSlices`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `Tensor` or `SparseTensor` or `IndexedSlices` with same shape as `x` with
type `complex64`.
Raises:
TypeError: If `x` cannot be cast to the `complex64`.
"""
return cast(x, dtypes.complex64, name=name)
@deprecation.deprecated(date=None, instructions="Use `tf.cast` instead.")
@tf_export(v1=["to_complex128"])
def to_complex128(x, name="ToComplex128"):
"""Casts a tensor to type `complex128`.
Args:
x: A `Tensor` or `SparseTensor` or `IndexedSlices`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `Tensor` or `SparseTensor` or `IndexedSlices` with same shape as `x` with
type `complex128`.
Raises:
TypeError: If `x` cannot be cast to the `complex128`.
"""
return cast(x, dtypes.complex128, name=name)
ops.Tensor._override_operator("__neg__", gen_math_ops.neg)
ops.Tensor._override_operator("__abs__", abs)
# __invert__ corresponds to the ~ operator. Here we follow the numpy convention
# ~ marks an elementwise bit-wise inverse. This is only implemented for boolean
# tensors and will throw a TypeError if used on nonboolean arrays
ops.Tensor._override_operator("__invert__", gen_math_ops.logical_not)
def _OverrideBinaryOperatorHelper(func, op_name, clazz_object=ops.Tensor):
"""Register operators with different tensor and scalar versions.
If `clazz_object` is `SparseTensor`, assumes `func` takes `(sp_indices,
sp_values, sp_shape, dense)` and outputs `(new_sp_values)`.
Args:
func: the operator
op_name: name of the operator being overridden
clazz_object: class to override for. Either `Tensor` or `SparseTensor`.
"""
def binary_op_wrapper(x, y):
with ops.name_scope(None, op_name, [x, y]) as name:
if isinstance(x, ops.Tensor) and isinstance(y, ops.Tensor):
return func(x, y, name=name)
elif not isinstance(y, sparse_tensor.SparseTensor):
try:
y = ops.convert_to_tensor_v2(
y, dtype_hint=x.dtype.base_dtype, name="y")
except TypeError:
# If the RHS is not a tensor, it might be a tensor aware object
# that can implement the operator with knowledge of itself
# and the tensor.
if hasattr(type(y), "__r%s__" % op_name):
return NotImplemented
else:
raise
return func(x, y, name=name)
def binary_op_wrapper_sparse(sp_x, y):
with ops.name_scope(None, op_name, [sp_x, y]) as name:
y = ops.convert_to_tensor(y, dtype=sp_x.dtype.base_dtype, name="y")
return sparse_tensor.SparseTensor(
sp_x.indices,
func(sp_x.indices, sp_x.values, sp_x.dense_shape, y, name=name),
sp_x.dense_shape)
def r_binary_op_wrapper(y, x):
with ops.name_scope(None, op_name, [x, y]) as name:
x = ops.convert_to_tensor(x, dtype=y.dtype.base_dtype, name="x")
return func(x, y, name=name)
# Propagate func.__doc__ to the wrappers
try:
doc = func.__doc__
except AttributeError:
doc = None
binary_op_wrapper.__doc__ = doc
r_binary_op_wrapper.__doc__ = doc
binary_op_wrapper_sparse.__doc__ = doc
if clazz_object is ops.Tensor:
clazz_object._override_operator("__%s__" % op_name, binary_op_wrapper)
del binary_op_wrapper
clazz_object._override_operator("__r%s__" % op_name, r_binary_op_wrapper)
del r_binary_op_wrapper
else:
clazz_object._override_operator("__%s__" % op_name,
binary_op_wrapper_sparse)
del binary_op_wrapper_sparse
# Conversion table for __truediv__. None entries mean no conversion required.
_TRUEDIV_TABLE = {
dtypes.uint8: dtypes.float32,
dtypes.int8: dtypes.float32,
dtypes.uint16: dtypes.float32,
dtypes.int16: dtypes.float32,
dtypes.int32: dtypes.float64,
dtypes.int64: dtypes.float64,
dtypes.bfloat16: None,
dtypes.float16: None,
dtypes.float32: None,
dtypes.float64: None,
dtypes.complex64: None,
dtypes.complex128: None,
}
# NOTE: the support of "sparse (true)div dense" is currently not baked in into
# "tf.(true_)div()". Until such an API decision is made, the supported usage is
# to explicitly use the "/" operator to invoke either truediv or div.
def _sparse_dense_truediv(sp_indices, sp_values, sp_shape, y, name=None):
"""Internal helper function for 'sp_t / dense_t'."""
with ops.name_scope(name, "truediv",
[sp_indices, sp_values, sp_shape, y]) as name:
sp_values = ops.convert_to_tensor(sp_values, name="sp_values")
y = ops.convert_to_tensor(y, name="y")
x_dtype = sp_values.dtype.base_dtype
y_dtype = y.dtype.base_dtype
if x_dtype != y_dtype:
raise TypeError("x and y must have the same dtype, got %r != %r" %
(x_dtype, y_dtype))
try:
dtype = _TRUEDIV_TABLE[x_dtype]
except KeyError:
raise TypeError("Invalid dtype %r in __truediv__" % x_dtype)
if dtype is not None:
sp_values = cast(sp_values, dtype)
y = cast(y, dtype)
return gen_sparse_ops.sparse_dense_cwise_div(
sp_indices, sp_values, sp_shape, y, name=name)
def _truediv_python3(x, y, name=None):
with ops.name_scope(name, "truediv", [x, y]) as name:
x = ops.convert_to_tensor(x, name="x")
y = ops.convert_to_tensor(y, name="y")
x_dtype = x.dtype.base_dtype
y_dtype = y.dtype.base_dtype
if x_dtype != y_dtype:
raise TypeError("x and y must have the same dtype, got %r != %r" %
(x_dtype, y_dtype))
try:
dtype = _TRUEDIV_TABLE[x_dtype]
except KeyError:
raise TypeError("Invalid dtype %r in __truediv__" % x_dtype)
if dtype is not None:
x = cast(x, dtype)
y = cast(y, dtype)
return gen_math_ops.real_div(x, y, name=name)
def _div_python2(x, y, name=None):
"""Divide two values using Python 2 semantics.
Used for Tensor.__div__.
Args:
x: `Tensor` numerator of real numeric type.
y: `Tensor` denominator of real numeric type.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
`x / y` returns the quotient of x and y.
"""
with ops.name_scope(name, "div", [x, y]) as name:
x = ops.convert_to_tensor(x, name="x")
y = ops.convert_to_tensor(y, name="y", dtype=x.dtype.base_dtype)
x_dtype = x.dtype.base_dtype
y_dtype = y.dtype.base_dtype
if x_dtype != y_dtype:
raise TypeError("x and y must have the same dtype, got %r != %r" %
(x_dtype, y_dtype))
if x_dtype.is_floating or x_dtype.is_complex:
return gen_math_ops.real_div(x, y, name=name)
else:
return gen_math_ops.floor_div(x, y, name=name)
[文档]@tf_export("math.truediv", "truediv")
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def truediv(x, y, name=None):
"""Divides x / y elementwise (using Python 3 division operator semantics).
NOTE: Prefer using the Tensor operator or tf.divide which obey Python
division operator semantics.
This function forces Python 3 division operator semantics where all integer
arguments are cast to floating types first. This op is generated by normal
`x / y` division in Python 3 and in Python 2.7 with
`from __future__ import division`. If you want integer division that rounds
down, use `x // y` or `tf.math.floordiv`.
`x` and `y` must have the same numeric type. If the inputs are floating
point, the output will have the same type. If the inputs are integral, the
inputs are cast to `float32` for `int8` and `int16` and `float64` for `int32`
and `int64` (matching the behavior of Numpy).
Args:
x: `Tensor` numerator of numeric type.
y: `Tensor` denominator of numeric type.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
`x / y` evaluated in floating point.
Raises:
TypeError: If `x` and `y` have different dtypes.
"""
return _truediv_python3(x, y, name)
@deprecation.deprecated(
date=None,
instructions="Deprecated in favor of operator or tf.math.divide.")
@tf_export(v1=["div"])
def div(x, y, name=None):
"""Divides x / y elementwise (using Python 2 division operator semantics).
NOTE: Prefer using the Tensor division operator or tf.divide which obey Python
3 division operator semantics.
This function divides `x` and `y`, forcing Python 2 semantics. That is, if `x`
and `y` are both integers then the result will be an integer. This is in
contrast to Python 3, where division with `/` is always a float while division
with `//` is always an integer.
Args:
x: `Tensor` numerator of real numeric type.
y: `Tensor` denominator of real numeric type.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
`x / y` returns the quotient of x and y.
"""
return _div_python2(x, y, name)
@tf_export("math.divide_no_nan", v1=["math.divide_no_nan", "div_no_nan"])
@deprecation.deprecated_endpoints("div_no_nan")
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def div_no_nan(x, y, name=None):
"""Computes a safe divide which returns 0 if the y is zero.
Args:
x: A `Tensor`. Must be one of the following types: `float32`, `float64`.
y: A `Tensor` whose dtype is compatible with `x`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
The element-wise value of the x divided by y.
"""
with ops.name_scope(name, "div_no_nan", [x, y]) as name:
x = ops.convert_to_tensor(x, name="x")
y = ops.convert_to_tensor(y, name="y", dtype=x.dtype.base_dtype)
return gen_math_ops.div_no_nan(x, y, name=name)
@tf_export("math.multiply_no_nan")
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def multiply_no_nan(x, y, name=None):
"""Computes the product of x and y and returns 0 if the y is zero, even if x is NaN or infinite.
Args:
x: A `Tensor`. Must be one of the following types: `float32`, `float64`.
y: A `Tensor` whose dtype is compatible with `x`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
The element-wise value of the x times y.
"""
with ops.name_scope(name, "multiply_no_nan", [x, y]) as name:
x = ops.convert_to_tensor(x, name="x")
y = ops.convert_to_tensor(y, name="y", dtype=x.dtype.base_dtype)
x_dtype = x.dtype.base_dtype
y_dtype = y.dtype.base_dtype
if x_dtype != y_dtype:
raise TypeError("x and y must have the same dtype, got %r != %r" %
(x_dtype, y_dtype))
return gen_math_ops.mul_no_nan(x, y, name=name)
# TODO(aselle): This should be removed
mod = gen_math_ops.floor_mod
# TODO(aselle): Deprecate this once all internal functionality uses
# tf.truncatediv
@tf_export("math.floordiv", v1=["math.floordiv", "floordiv"])
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
@deprecation.deprecated_endpoints("floordiv")
def floordiv(x, y, name=None):
"""Divides `x / y` elementwise, rounding toward the most negative integer.
The same as `tf.compat.v1.div(x,y)` for integers, but uses
`tf.floor(tf.compat.v1.div(x,y))` for
floating point arguments so that the result is always an integer (though
possibly an integer represented as floating point). This op is generated by
`x // y` floor division in Python 3 and in Python 2.7 with
`from __future__ import division`.
`x` and `y` must have the same type, and the result will have the same type
as well.
Args:
x: `Tensor` numerator of real numeric type.
y: `Tensor` denominator of real numeric type.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
`x / y` rounded down.
Raises:
TypeError: If the inputs are complex.
"""
with ops.name_scope(name, "floordiv", [x, y]) as name:
return gen_math_ops.floor_div(x, y, name=name)
realdiv = gen_math_ops.real_div
truncatediv = gen_math_ops.truncate_div
# TODO(aselle): Rename this to floordiv when we can.
floor_div = gen_math_ops.floor_div
truncatemod = gen_math_ops.truncate_mod
floormod = gen_math_ops.floor_mod
def _add_dispatch(x, y, name=None):
"""Dispatches to add for strings and add_v2 for all other types."""
if x.dtype == dtypes.string:
return gen_math_ops.add(x, y, name=name)
else:
return gen_math_ops.add_v2(x, y, name=name)
def _mul_dispatch(x, y, name=None):
"""Dispatches cwise mul for "Dense*Dense" and "Dense*Sparse"."""
is_tensor_y = isinstance(y, ops.Tensor)
if is_tensor_y:
return gen_math_ops.mul(x, y, name=name)
else:
assert isinstance(y, sparse_tensor.SparseTensor) # Case: Dense * Sparse.
new_vals = gen_sparse_ops.sparse_dense_cwise_mul(y.indices, y.values,
y.dense_shape, x, name)
return sparse_tensor.SparseTensor(y.indices, new_vals, y.dense_shape)
# NOTE(aselle): When integer division is added for sparse_dense_cwise,
# div, truediv, and floordiv should be delegated appropriately for
# Python semantics, analogous to dense cwise tensor operations.
_OverrideBinaryOperatorHelper(gen_sparse_ops.sparse_dense_cwise_div, "div",
sparse_tensor.SparseTensor)
_OverrideBinaryOperatorHelper(_sparse_dense_truediv, "truediv",
sparse_tensor.SparseTensor)
_OverrideBinaryOperatorHelper(gen_sparse_ops.sparse_dense_cwise_mul, "mul",
sparse_tensor.SparseTensor)
_OverrideBinaryOperatorHelper(_add_dispatch, "add")
_OverrideBinaryOperatorHelper(gen_math_ops.sub, "sub")
_OverrideBinaryOperatorHelper(_mul_dispatch, "mul")
_OverrideBinaryOperatorHelper(_div_python2, "div")
_OverrideBinaryOperatorHelper(_truediv_python3, "truediv")
_OverrideBinaryOperatorHelper(floordiv, "floordiv")
_OverrideBinaryOperatorHelper(gen_math_ops.floor_mod, "mod")
_OverrideBinaryOperatorHelper(pow, "pow")
@tf_export("math.logical_xor", v1=["math.logical_xor", "logical_xor"])
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
@deprecation.deprecated_endpoints("logical_xor")
def logical_xor(x, y, name="LogicalXor"):
"""Logical XOR function.
x ^ y = (x | y) & ~(x & y)
The operation works for the following input types:
- Two single elements of type `bool`
- One `tf.Tensor` of type `bool` and one single `bool`, where the result will
be calculated by applying logical XOR with the single element to each
element in the larger Tensor.
- Two `tf.Tensor` objects of type `bool` of the same shape. In this case,
the result will be the element-wise logical XOR of the two input tensors.
Usage:
>>> a = tf.constant([True])
>>> b = tf.constant([False])
>>> tf.math.logical_xor(a, b)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(1,), dtype=bool, numpy=array([ True])>
>>> c = tf.constant([True])
>>> x = tf.constant([False, True, True, False])
>>> tf.math.logical_xor(c, x)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(4,), dtype=bool, numpy=array([ True, False, False, True])>
>>> y = tf.constant([False, False, True, True])
>>> z = tf.constant([False, True, False, True])
>>> tf.math.logical_xor(y, z)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(4,), dtype=bool, numpy=array([False, True, True, False])>
Args:
x: A `tf.Tensor` type bool.
y: A `tf.Tensor` of type bool.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `tf.Tensor` of type bool with the same size as that of x or y.
"""
# TODO(alemi) Make this a cwise op if people end up relying on it.
return gen_math_ops.logical_and(
gen_math_ops.logical_or(x, y),
gen_math_ops.logical_not(gen_math_ops.logical_and(x, y)),
name=name)
[文档]@tf_export("math.logical_and", "logical_and")
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def logical_and(x, y, name=None):
"""Logical AND function.
The operation works for the following input types:
- Two single elements of type `bool`
- One `tf.Tensor` of type `bool` and one single `bool`, where the result will
be calculated by applying logical AND with the single element to each
element in the larger Tensor.
- Two `tf.Tensor` objects of type `bool` of the same shape. In this case,
the result will be the element-wise logical AND of the two input tensors.
Usage:
>>> a = tf.constant([True])
>>> b = tf.constant([False])
>>> tf.math.logical_and(a, b)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(1,), dtype=bool, numpy=array([False])>
>>> c = tf.constant([True])
>>> x = tf.constant([False, True, True, False])
>>> tf.math.logical_and(c, x)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(4,), dtype=bool, numpy=array([False, True, True, False])>
>>> y = tf.constant([False, False, True, True])
>>> z = tf.constant([False, True, False, True])
>>> tf.math.logical_and(y, z)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(4,), dtype=bool, numpy=array([False, False, False, True])>
Args:
x: A `tf.Tensor` type bool.
y: A `tf.Tensor` of type bool.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `tf.Tensor` of type bool with the same size as that of x or y.
"""
return gen_math_ops.logical_and(x, y, name)
_OverrideBinaryOperatorHelper(gen_math_ops.logical_and, "and")
_OverrideBinaryOperatorHelper(gen_math_ops.logical_or, "or")
_OverrideBinaryOperatorHelper(logical_xor, "xor")
ops.Tensor._override_operator("__lt__", gen_math_ops.less)
ops.Tensor._override_operator("__le__", gen_math_ops.less_equal)
ops.Tensor._override_operator("__gt__", gen_math_ops.greater)
ops.Tensor._override_operator("__ge__", gen_math_ops.greater_equal)
[文档]@tf_export("math.equal", "equal")
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def equal(x, y, name=None):
"""Returns the truth value of (x == y) element-wise.
Performs a [broadcast](
https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/user/basics.broadcasting.html) with the
arguments and then an element-wise equality comparison, returning a Tensor of
boolean values.
For example:
>>> x = tf.constant([2, 4])
>>> y = tf.constant(2)
>>> tf.math.equal(x, y)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(2,), dtype=bool, numpy=array([ True, False])>
>>> x = tf.constant([2, 4])
>>> y = tf.constant([2, 4])
>>> tf.math.equal(x, y)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(2,), dtype=bool, numpy=array([ True, True])>
Args:
x: A `tf.Tensor` or `tf.SparseTensor` or `tf.IndexedSlices`.
y: A `tf.Tensor` or `tf.SparseTensor` or `tf.IndexedSlices`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `tf.Tensor` of type bool with the same size as that of x or y.
Raises:
`tf.errors.InvalidArgumentError`: If shapes of arguments are incompatible
"""
return gen_math_ops.equal(x, y, name=name)
[文档]@tf_export("math.not_equal", "not_equal")
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def not_equal(x, y, name=None):
"""Returns the truth value of (x != y) element-wise.
Performs a [broadcast](
https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/user/basics.broadcasting.html) with the
arguments and then an element-wise inequality comparison, returning a Tensor
of boolean values.
For example:
>>> x = tf.constant([2, 4])
>>> y = tf.constant(2)
>>> tf.math.not_equal(x, y)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(2,), dtype=bool, numpy=array([False, True])>
>>> x = tf.constant([2, 4])
>>> y = tf.constant([2, 4])
>>> tf.math.not_equal(x, y)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(2,), dtype=bool, numpy=array([False, False])>
Args:
x: A `tf.Tensor` or `tf.SparseTensor` or `tf.IndexedSlices`.
y: A `tf.Tensor` or `tf.SparseTensor` or `tf.IndexedSlices`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `tf.Tensor` of type bool with the same size as that of x or y.
Raises:
`tf.errors.InvalidArgumentError`: If shapes of arguments are incompatible
"""
return gen_math_ops.not_equal(x, y, name=name)
def tensor_equals(self, other):
"""Compares two tensors element-wise for equality."""
if other is None:
return False
g = getattr(self, "graph", None)
if (ops.Tensor._USE_EQUALITY and ops.executing_eagerly_outside_functions() and
(g is None or g.building_function)):
return gen_math_ops.equal(self, other, incompatible_shape_error=False)
else:
# In legacy graph mode, tensor equality is object equality
return self is other
def tensor_not_equals(self, other):
"""Compares two tensors element-wise for equality."""
if other is None:
return True
if ops.Tensor._USE_EQUALITY and ops.executing_eagerly_outside_functions():
return gen_math_ops.not_equal(self, other, incompatible_shape_error=False)
else:
# In legacy graph mode, tensor equality is object equality
return self is not other
ops.Tensor._override_operator("__eq__", tensor_equals)
ops.Tensor._override_operator("__ne__", tensor_not_equals)
[文档]@tf_export("range")
def range(start, limit=None, delta=1, dtype=None, name="range"): # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
"""Creates a sequence of numbers.
Creates a sequence of numbers that begins at `start` and extends by
increments of `delta` up to but not including `limit`.
The dtype of the resulting tensor is inferred from the inputs unless
it is provided explicitly.
Like the Python builtin `range`, `start` defaults to 0, so that
`range(n) = range(0, n)`.
For example:
>>> start = 3
>>> limit = 18
>>> delta = 3
>>> tf.range(start, limit, delta)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(5,), dtype=int32,
numpy=array([ 3, 6, 9, 12, 15], dtype=int32)>
>>> start = 3
>>> limit = 1
>>> delta = -0.5
>>> tf.range(start, limit, delta)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(4,), dtype=float32,
numpy=array([3. , 2.5, 2. , 1.5], dtype=float32)>
>>> limit = 5
>>> tf.range(limit)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(5,), dtype=int32,
numpy=array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4], dtype=int32)>
Args:
start: A 0-D `Tensor` (scalar). Acts as first entry in the range if `limit`
is not None; otherwise, acts as range limit and first entry defaults to 0.
limit: A 0-D `Tensor` (scalar). Upper limit of sequence, exclusive. If None,
defaults to the value of `start` while the first entry of the range
defaults to 0.
delta: A 0-D `Tensor` (scalar). Number that increments `start`. Defaults to
1.
dtype: The type of the elements of the resulting tensor.
name: A name for the operation. Defaults to "range".
Returns:
An 1-D `Tensor` of type `dtype`.
@compatibility(numpy)
Equivalent to np.arange
@end_compatibility
"""
if limit is None:
start, limit = 0, start
with ops.name_scope(name, "Range", [start, limit, delta]) as name:
if not isinstance(start, ops.Tensor):
start = ops.convert_to_tensor(start, dtype=dtype, name="start")
if not isinstance(limit, ops.Tensor):
limit = ops.convert_to_tensor(limit, dtype=dtype, name="limit")
if not isinstance(delta, ops.Tensor):
delta = ops.convert_to_tensor(delta, dtype=dtype, name="delta")
# infer dtype if not explicitly provided
if dtype is None:
dtype_hierarchy = [
dtypes.int32, dtypes.int64, dtypes.float32, dtypes.float64
]
assert all(arg.dtype in dtype_hierarchy for arg in [start, limit, delta])
inferred_dtype = max([arg.dtype for arg in [start, limit, delta]],
key=dtype_hierarchy.index)
else:
inferred_dtype = dtype
# Always try perform a cast even start/limit/delta are already tensors.
# This will revole the case where start/limit/delta's original's dtype
# is different from provided dtype.
start = cast(start, inferred_dtype)
limit = cast(limit, inferred_dtype)
delta = cast(delta, inferred_dtype)
return gen_math_ops._range(start, limit, delta, name=name)
def _range_tensor_conversion_function(value, dtype=None, name=None,
as_ref=False):
del as_ref
return range(value.start, value.stop, value.step, dtype=dtype, name=name)
if not six.PY2:
ops.register_tensor_conversion_function(builtins.range,
_range_tensor_conversion_function)
# Reduction operations
def _ReductionDims(x, axis, reduction_indices=None): # pylint: disable=invalid-name
"""Returns range(0, rank(x)) if reduction_indices is None."""
# TODO(aselle): Remove this after deprecation
if reduction_indices is not None:
if axis is not None:
raise ValueError("Can't specify both axis' and 'reduction_indices'.")
axis = reduction_indices
if axis is not None:
return axis
else:
# Fast path: avoid creating Rank and Range ops if ndims is known.
if isinstance(x, ops.Tensor):
rank = x.shape.rank
if rank is not None:
return constant_op.constant(np.arange(rank, dtype=np.int32))
elif (isinstance(x, sparse_tensor.SparseTensor) and
x.dense_shape.shape.is_fully_defined()):
rank = x.dense_shape.shape.dims[0].value # sparse.dense_shape is 1-D.
return constant_op.constant(np.arange(rank, dtype=np.int32))
# Otherwise, we rely on Range and Rank to do the right thing at run-time.
return range(0, array_ops.rank(x))
def _has_fully_defined_shape(tensor):
"""Returns true if tensor has a fully defined shape."""
return isinstance(tensor, ops.EagerTensor) or tensor.shape.is_fully_defined()
def _may_reduce_to_scalar(keepdims, axis, output):
"""Set a reduction's output shape to be a scalar if we are certain."""
if not _has_fully_defined_shape(output) and (not keepdims) and (
axis is None):
output.set_shape(())
return output
@tf_export(v1=["math.reduce_sum", "reduce_sum"])
@deprecation.deprecated_args(None,
"keep_dims is deprecated, use keepdims instead",
"keep_dims")
def reduce_sum_v1(input_tensor,
axis=None,
keepdims=None,
name=None,
reduction_indices=None,
keep_dims=None):
"""Computes the sum of elements across dimensions of a tensor.
Reduces `input_tensor` along the dimensions given in `axis`.
Unless `keepdims` is true, the rank of the tensor is reduced by 1 for each
entry in `axis`. If `keepdims` is true, the reduced dimensions
are retained with length 1.
If `axis` is None, all dimensions are reduced, and a
tensor with a single element is returned.
For example:
```python
x = tf.constant([[1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1]])
tf.reduce_sum(x) # 6
tf.reduce_sum(x, 0) # [2, 2, 2]
tf.reduce_sum(x, 1) # [3, 3]
tf.reduce_sum(x, 1, keepdims=True) # [[3], [3]]
tf.reduce_sum(x, [0, 1]) # 6
```
Args:
input_tensor: The tensor to reduce. Should have numeric type.
axis: The dimensions to reduce. If `None` (the default), reduces all
dimensions. Must be in the range `[-rank(input_tensor),
rank(input_tensor))`.
keepdims: If true, retains reduced dimensions with length 1.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
reduction_indices: The old (deprecated) name for axis.
keep_dims: Deprecated alias for `keepdims`.
Returns:
The reduced tensor, of the same dtype as the input_tensor.
@compatibility(numpy)
Equivalent to np.sum apart the fact that numpy upcast uint8 and int32 to
int64 while tensorflow returns the same dtype as the input.
@end_compatibility
"""
axis = deprecation.deprecated_argument_lookup("axis", axis,
"reduction_indices",
reduction_indices)
keepdims = deprecation.deprecated_argument_lookup("keepdims", keepdims,
"keep_dims", keep_dims)
return reduce_sum(input_tensor, axis, keepdims, name)
[文档]@tf_export("math.reduce_sum", "reduce_sum", v1=[])
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def reduce_sum(input_tensor, axis=None, keepdims=False, name=None):
"""Computes the sum of elements across dimensions of a tensor.
Reduces `input_tensor` along the dimensions given in `axis`.
Unless `keepdims` is true, the rank of the tensor is reduced by 1 for each
entry in `axis`. If `keepdims` is true, the reduced dimensions
are retained with length 1.
If `axis` is None, all dimensions are reduced, and a
tensor with a single element is returned.
For example:
```python
x = tf.constant([[1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1]])
tf.reduce_sum(x) # 6
tf.reduce_sum(x, 0) # [2, 2, 2]
tf.reduce_sum(x, 1) # [3, 3]
tf.reduce_sum(x, 1, keepdims=True) # [[3], [3]]
tf.reduce_sum(x, [0, 1]) # 6
```
Args:
input_tensor: The tensor to reduce. Should have numeric type.
axis: The dimensions to reduce. If `None` (the default), reduces all
dimensions. Must be in the range `[-rank(input_tensor),
rank(input_tensor))`.
keepdims: If true, retains reduced dimensions with length 1.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
The reduced tensor, of the same dtype as the input_tensor.
@compatibility(numpy)
Equivalent to np.sum apart the fact that numpy upcast uint8 and int32 to
int64 while tensorflow returns the same dtype as the input.
@end_compatibility
"""
return reduce_sum_with_dims(input_tensor, axis, keepdims, name,
_ReductionDims(input_tensor, axis))
def reduce_sum_with_dims(input_tensor,
axis=None,
keepdims=False,
name=None,
dims=None):
keepdims = False if keepdims is None else keepdims
return _may_reduce_to_scalar(
keepdims, axis,
gen_math_ops._sum(input_tensor, dims, keepdims, name=name))
@tf_export("math.reduce_euclidean_norm")
def reduce_euclidean_norm(input_tensor, axis=None, keepdims=False, name=None):
"""Computes the Euclidean norm of elements across dimensions of a tensor.
Reduces `input_tensor` along the dimensions given in `axis`.
Unless `keepdims` is true, the rank of the tensor is reduced by 1 for each
entry in `axis`. If `keepdims` is true, the reduced dimensions
are retained with length 1.
If `axis` is None, all dimensions are reduced, and a
tensor with a single element is returned.
For example:
```python
x = tf.constant([[1, 2, 3], [1, 1, 1]]) # x.dtype is tf.int32
tf.math.reduce_euclidean_norm(x) # returns 4 as dtype is tf.int32
y = tf.constant([[1, 2, 3], [1, 1, 1]], dtype = tf.float32)
tf.math.reduce_euclidean_norm(y) # returns 4.1231055 which is sqrt(17)
tf.math.reduce_euclidean_norm(y, 0) # [sqrt(2), sqrt(5), sqrt(10)]
tf.math.reduce_euclidean_norm(y, 1) # [sqrt(14), sqrt(3)]
tf.math.reduce_euclidean_norm(y, 1, keepdims=True) # [[sqrt(14)], [sqrt(3)]]
tf.math.reduce_euclidean_norm(y, [0, 1]) # sqrt(17)
```
Args:
input_tensor: The tensor to reduce. Should have numeric type.
axis: The dimensions to reduce. If `None` (the default), reduces all
dimensions. Must be in the range `[-rank(input_tensor),
rank(input_tensor))`.
keepdims: If true, retains reduced dimensions with length 1.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
The reduced tensor, of the same dtype as the input_tensor.
"""
return _may_reduce_to_scalar(
keepdims, axis,
gen_math_ops.euclidean_norm(
input_tensor, _ReductionDims(input_tensor, axis), keepdims,
name=name))
@tf_export(v1=["math.count_nonzero", "count_nonzero"])
@deprecation.deprecated_args(None,
"keep_dims is deprecated, use keepdims instead",
"keep_dims")
@deprecation.deprecated_args(
None, "reduction_indices is deprecated, use axis instead",
"reduction_indices")
def count_nonzero(input_tensor=None,
axis=None,
keepdims=None,
dtype=dtypes.int64,
name=None,
reduction_indices=None,
keep_dims=None,
input=None): # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
"""Computes number of nonzero elements across dimensions of a tensor.
Reduces `input_tensor` along the dimensions given in `axis`.
Unless `keepdims` is true, the rank of the tensor is reduced by 1 for each
entry in `axis`. If `keepdims` is true, the reduced dimensions
are retained with length 1.
If `axis` has no entries, all dimensions are reduced, and a
tensor with a single element is returned.
**NOTE** Floating point comparison to zero is done by exact floating point
equality check. Small values are **not** rounded to zero for purposes of
the nonzero check.
For example:
```python
x = tf.constant([[0, 1, 0], [1, 1, 0]])
tf.math.count_nonzero(x) # 3
tf.math.count_nonzero(x, 0) # [1, 2, 0]
tf.math.count_nonzero(x, 1) # [1, 2]
tf.math.count_nonzero(x, 1, keepdims=True) # [[1], [2]]
tf.math.count_nonzero(x, [0, 1]) # 3
```
**NOTE** Strings are compared against zero-length empty string `""`. Any
string with a size greater than zero is already considered as nonzero.
For example:
```python
x = tf.constant(["", "a", " ", "b", ""])
tf.math.count_nonzero(x) # 3, with "a", " ", and "b" as nonzero strings.
```
Args:
input_tensor: The tensor to reduce. Should be of numeric type, `bool`, or
`string`.
axis: The dimensions to reduce. If `None` (the default), reduces all
dimensions. Must be in the range `[-rank(input_tensor),
rank(input_tensor))`.
keepdims: If true, retains reduced dimensions with length 1.
dtype: The output dtype; defaults to `tf.int64`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
reduction_indices: The old (deprecated) name for axis.
keep_dims: Deprecated alias for `keepdims`.
input: Overrides input_tensor. For compatibility.
Returns:
The reduced tensor (number of nonzero values).
"""
keepdims = deprecation.deprecated_argument_lookup("keepdims", keepdims,
"keep_dims", keep_dims)
input_tensor = deprecation.deprecated_argument_lookup("input", input,
"input_tensor",
input_tensor)
axis = deprecation.deprecated_argument_lookup("axis", axis,
"reduction_indices",
reduction_indices)
return count_nonzero_v2(input_tensor, axis, keepdims, dtype, name)
@tf_export("math.count_nonzero", v1=[])
def count_nonzero_v2(
input, # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
axis=None,
keepdims=None,
dtype=dtypes.int64,
name=None):
"""Computes number of nonzero elements across dimensions of a tensor.
Reduces `input` along the dimensions given in `axis`.
Unless `keepdims` is true, the rank of the tensor is reduced by 1 for each
entry in `axis`. If `keepdims` is true, the reduced dimensions
are retained with length 1.
If `axis` has no entries, all dimensions are reduced, and a
tensor with a single element is returned.
**NOTE** Floating point comparison to zero is done by exact floating point
equality check. Small values are **not** rounded to zero for purposes of
the nonzero check.
For example:
```python
x = tf.constant([[0, 1, 0], [1, 1, 0]])
tf.math.count_nonzero(x) # 3
tf.math.count_nonzero(x, 0) # [1, 2, 0]
tf.math.count_nonzero(x, 1) # [1, 2]
tf.math.count_nonzero(x, 1, keepdims=True) # [[1], [2]]
tf.math.count_nonzero(x, [0, 1]) # 3
```
**NOTE** Strings are compared against zero-length empty string `""`. Any
string with a size greater than zero is already considered as nonzero.
For example:
```python
x = tf.constant(["", "a", " ", "b", ""])
tf.math.count_nonzero(x) # 3, with "a", " ", and "b" as nonzero strings.
```
Args:
input: The tensor to reduce. Should be of numeric type, `bool`, or `string`.
axis: The dimensions to reduce. If `None` (the default), reduces all
dimensions. Must be in the range `[-rank(input), rank(input))`.
keepdims: If true, retains reduced dimensions with length 1.
dtype: The output dtype; defaults to `tf.int64`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
The reduced tensor (number of nonzero values).
"""
if keepdims is None:
keepdims = False
with ops.name_scope(name, "count_nonzero", [input]):
input = ops.convert_to_tensor(input, name="input")
# A scalar of 'zero' is enough as `not_equal` will broadcast.
zero = array_ops.zeros([], dtype=input.dtype)
return cast(
reduce_sum(
# int64 reduction happens on GPU
cast(gen_math_ops.not_equal(input, zero), dtypes.int64),
axis=axis,
keepdims=keepdims),
dtype=dtype)
@tf_export(v1=["math.reduce_mean", "reduce_mean"])
def reduce_mean_v1(input_tensor,
axis=None,
keepdims=None,
name=None,
reduction_indices=None,
keep_dims=None):
"""Computes the mean of elements across dimensions of a tensor.
Reduces `input_tensor` along the dimensions given in `axis` by computing the
mean of elements across the dimensions in `axis`.
Unless `keepdims` is true, the rank of the tensor is reduced by 1 for each
entry in `axis`. If `keepdims` is true, the reduced dimensions
are retained with length 1.
If `axis` is None, all dimensions are reduced, and a tensor with a single
element is returned.
For example:
>>> x = tf.constant([[1., 1.], [2., 2.]])
>>> tf.reduce_mean(x)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=float32, numpy=1.5>
>>> tf.reduce_mean(x, 0)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(2,), dtype=float32, numpy=array([1.5, 1.5], dtype=float32)>
>>> tf.reduce_mean(x, 1)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(2,), dtype=float32, numpy=array([1., 2.], dtype=float32)>
Args:
input_tensor: The tensor to reduce. Should have numeric type.
axis: The dimensions to reduce. If `None` (the default), reduces all
dimensions. Must be in the range `[-rank(input_tensor),
rank(input_tensor))`.
keepdims: If true, retains reduced dimensions with length 1.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
reduction_indices: The old (deprecated) name for axis.
keep_dims: Deprecated alias for `keepdims`.
Returns:
The reduced tensor.
@compatibility(numpy)
Equivalent to np.mean
Please note that `np.mean` has a `dtype` parameter that could be used to
specify the output type. By default this is `dtype=float64`. On the other
hand, `tf.reduce_mean` has an aggressive type inference from `input_tensor`,
for example:
>>> x = tf.constant([1, 0, 1, 0])
>>> tf.reduce_mean(x)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=int32, numpy=0>
>>> y = tf.constant([1., 0., 1., 0.])
>>> tf.reduce_mean(y)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=float32, numpy=0.5>
@end_compatibility
"""
axis = deprecation.deprecated_argument_lookup("axis", axis,
"reduction_indices",
reduction_indices)
keepdims = deprecation.deprecated_argument_lookup("keepdims", keepdims,
"keep_dims", keep_dims)
return reduce_mean(input_tensor, axis, keepdims, name)
[文档]@tf_export("math.reduce_mean", "reduce_mean", v1=[])
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def reduce_mean(input_tensor, axis=None, keepdims=False, name=None):
"""Computes the mean of elements across dimensions of a tensor.
Reduces `input_tensor` along the dimensions given in `axis` by computing the
mean of elements across the dimensions in `axis`.
Unless `keepdims` is true, the rank of the tensor is reduced by 1 for each
entry in `axis`. If `keepdims` is true, the reduced dimensions are retained
with length 1.
If `axis` is None, all dimensions are reduced, and a tensor with a single
element is returned.
For example:
>>> x = tf.constant([[1., 1.], [2., 2.]])
>>> tf.reduce_mean(x)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=float32, numpy=1.5>
>>> tf.reduce_mean(x, 0)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(2,), dtype=float32, numpy=array([1.5, 1.5], dtype=float32)>
>>> tf.reduce_mean(x, 1)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(2,), dtype=float32, numpy=array([1., 2.], dtype=float32)>
Args:
input_tensor: The tensor to reduce. Should have numeric type.
axis: The dimensions to reduce. If `None` (the default), reduces all
dimensions. Must be in the range `[-rank(input_tensor),
rank(input_tensor))`.
keepdims: If true, retains reduced dimensions with length 1.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
The reduced tensor.
@compatibility(numpy)
Equivalent to np.mean
Please note that `np.mean` has a `dtype` parameter that could be used to
specify the output type. By default this is `dtype=float64`. On the other
hand, `tf.reduce_mean` has an aggressive type inference from `input_tensor`,
for example:
>>> x = tf.constant([1, 0, 1, 0])
>>> tf.reduce_mean(x)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=int32, numpy=0>
>>> y = tf.constant([1., 0., 1., 0.])
>>> tf.reduce_mean(y)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=float32, numpy=0.5>
@end_compatibility
"""
keepdims = False if keepdims is None else keepdims
return _may_reduce_to_scalar(
keepdims, axis,
gen_math_ops.mean(
input_tensor, _ReductionDims(input_tensor, axis), keepdims,
name=name))
@tf_export("math.reduce_variance")
def reduce_variance(input_tensor, axis=None, keepdims=False, name=None):
"""Computes the variance of elements across dimensions of a tensor.
Reduces `input_tensor` along the dimensions given in `axis`.
Unless `keepdims` is true, the rank of the tensor is reduced by 1 for each
entry in `axis`. If `keepdims` is true, the reduced dimensions
are retained with length 1.
If `axis` is None, all dimensions are reduced, and a
tensor with a single element is returned.
For example:
```python
x = tf.constant([[1., 2.], [3., 4.]])
tf.reduce_variance(x) # 1.25
tf.reduce_variance(x, 0) # [1., 1.]
tf.reduce_variance(x, 1) # [0.25, 0.25]
```
Args:
input_tensor: The tensor to reduce. Should have numeric type.
axis: The dimensions to reduce. If `None` (the default), reduces all
dimensions. Must be in the range `[-rank(input_tensor),
rank(input_tensor))`.
keepdims: If true, retains reduced dimensions with length 1.
name: A name scope for the associated operations (optional).
Returns:
The reduced tensor, of the same dtype as the input_tensor.
@compatibility(numpy)
Equivalent to np.var
Please note that `np.var` has a `dtype` parameter that could be used to
specify the output type. By default this is `dtype=float64`. On the other
hand, `tf.reduce_variance` has an aggressive type inference from
`input_tensor`,
@end_compatibility
"""
name = name if name else "reduce_variance"
with ops.name_scope(name):
means = reduce_mean(input_tensor, axis=axis, keepdims=True)
squared_deviations = gen_math_ops.square(input_tensor - means)
return reduce_mean(squared_deviations, axis=axis, keepdims=keepdims)
@tf_export("math.reduce_std")
def reduce_std(input_tensor, axis=None, keepdims=False, name=None):
"""Computes the standard deviation of elements across dimensions of a tensor.
Reduces `input_tensor` along the dimensions given in `axis`.
Unless `keepdims` is true, the rank of the tensor is reduced by 1 for each
entry in `axis`. If `keepdims` is true, the reduced dimensions
are retained with length 1.
If `axis` is None, all dimensions are reduced, and a
tensor with a single element is returned.
For example:
```python
x = tf.constant([[1., 2.], [3., 4.]])
tf.reduce_std(x) # 1.1180339887498949
tf.reduce_std(x, 0) # [1., 1.]
tf.reduce_std(x, 1) # [0.5, 0.5]
```
Args:
input_tensor: The tensor to reduce. Should have numeric type.
axis: The dimensions to reduce. If `None` (the default), reduces all
dimensions. Must be in the range `[-rank(input_tensor),
rank(input_tensor))`.
keepdims: If true, retains reduced dimensions with length 1.
name: A name scope for the associated operations (optional).
Returns:
The reduced tensor, of the same dtype as the input_tensor.
@compatibility(numpy)
Equivalent to np.std
Please note that `np.std` has a `dtype` parameter that could be used to
specify the output type. By default this is `dtype=float64`. On the other
hand, `tf.reduce_std` has an aggressive type inference from `input_tensor`,
@end_compatibility
"""
name = name if name else "reduce_std"
with ops.name_scope(name):
variance = reduce_variance(input_tensor, axis=axis, keepdims=keepdims)
return gen_math_ops.sqrt(variance)
[文档]@tf_export("math.reduce_prod", "reduce_prod", v1=[])
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def reduce_prod(input_tensor, axis=None, keepdims=False, name=None):
"""Computes the product of elements across dimensions of a tensor.
Reduces `input_tensor` along the dimensions given in `axis`.
Unless `keepdims` is true, the rank of the tensor is reduced by 1 for each
entry in `axis`. If `keepdims` is true, the reduced dimensions
are retained with length 1.
If `axis` is None, all dimensions are reduced, and a
tensor with a single element is returned.
Args:
input_tensor: The tensor to reduce. Should have numeric type.
axis: The dimensions to reduce. If `None` (the default), reduces all
dimensions. Must be in the range `[-rank(input_tensor),
rank(input_tensor))`.
keepdims: If true, retains reduced dimensions with length 1.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
The reduced tensor.
@compatibility(numpy)
Equivalent to np.prod
@end_compatibility
"""
keepdims = False if keepdims is None else keepdims
return _may_reduce_to_scalar(
keepdims, axis,
gen_math_ops.prod(
input_tensor, _ReductionDims(input_tensor, axis), keepdims,
name=name))
@tf_export(v1=["math.reduce_prod", "reduce_prod"])
@deprecation.deprecated_args(None,
"keep_dims is deprecated, use keepdims instead",
"keep_dims")
def reduce_prod_v1(input_tensor,
axis=None,
keepdims=None,
name=None,
reduction_indices=None,
keep_dims=None):
"""Computes the product of elements across dimensions of a tensor.
Reduces `input_tensor` along the dimensions given in `axis`.
Unless `keepdims` is true, the rank of the tensor is reduced by 1 for each
entry in `axis`. If `keepdims` is true, the reduced dimensions
are retained with length 1.
If `axis` is None, all dimensions are reduced, and a
tensor with a single element is returned.
Args:
input_tensor: The tensor to reduce. Should have numeric type.
axis: The dimensions to reduce. If `None` (the default), reduces all
dimensions. Must be in the range `[-rank(input_tensor),
rank(input_tensor))`.
keepdims: If true, retains reduced dimensions with length 1.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
reduction_indices: The old (deprecated) name for axis.
keep_dims: Deprecated alias for `keepdims`.
Returns:
The reduced tensor.
@compatibility(numpy)
Equivalent to np.prod
@end_compatibility
"""
axis = deprecation.deprecated_argument_lookup("axis", axis,
"reduction_indices",
reduction_indices)
keepdims = deprecation.deprecated_argument_lookup("keepdims", keepdims,
"keep_dims", keep_dims)
return reduce_prod(input_tensor, axis, keepdims, name)
@tf_export(v1=["math.reduce_min", "reduce_min"])
@deprecation.deprecated_args(None,
"keep_dims is deprecated, use keepdims instead",
"keep_dims")
def reduce_min_v1(input_tensor,
axis=None,
keepdims=None,
name=None,
reduction_indices=None,
keep_dims=None):
"""Computes the minimum of elements across dimensions of a tensor.
Reduces `input_tensor` along the dimensions given in `axis`.
Unless `keepdims` is true, the rank of the tensor is reduced by 1 for each
entry in `axis`. If `keepdims` is true, the reduced dimensions
are retained with length 1.
If `axis` is None, all dimensions are reduced, and a
tensor with a single element is returned.
Args:
input_tensor: The tensor to reduce. Should have real numeric type.
axis: The dimensions to reduce. If `None` (the default), reduces all
dimensions. Must be in the range `[-rank(input_tensor),
rank(input_tensor))`.
keepdims: If true, retains reduced dimensions with length 1.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
reduction_indices: The old (deprecated) name for axis.
keep_dims: Deprecated alias for `keepdims`.
Returns:
The reduced tensor.
@compatibility(numpy)
Equivalent to np.min
@end_compatibility
"""
axis = deprecation.deprecated_argument_lookup("axis", axis,
"reduction_indices",
reduction_indices)
keepdims = deprecation.deprecated_argument_lookup("keepdims", keepdims,
"keep_dims", keep_dims)
return reduce_min(input_tensor, axis, keepdims, name)
[文档]@tf_export("math.reduce_min", "reduce_min", v1=[])
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def reduce_min(input_tensor, axis=None, keepdims=False, name=None):
"""Computes the minimum of elements across dimensions of a tensor.
Reduces `input_tensor` along the dimensions given in `axis`.
Unless `keepdims` is true, the rank of the tensor is reduced by 1 for each
entry in `axis`. If `keepdims` is true, the reduced dimensions
are retained with length 1.
If `axis` is None, all dimensions are reduced, and a
tensor with a single element is returned.
Args:
input_tensor: The tensor to reduce. Should have real numeric type.
axis: The dimensions to reduce. If `None` (the default), reduces all
dimensions. Must be in the range `[-rank(input_tensor),
rank(input_tensor))`.
keepdims: If true, retains reduced dimensions with length 1.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
The reduced tensor.
For example:
>>> a = tf.constant([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
>>> tf.reduce_min(a)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=int32, numpy=1>
@compatibility(numpy)
Equivalent to np.min
@end_compatibility
"""
keepdims = False if keepdims is None else keepdims
return _may_reduce_to_scalar(
keepdims, axis,
gen_math_ops._min(
input_tensor, _ReductionDims(input_tensor, axis), keepdims,
name=name))
@tf_export(v1=["math.reduce_max", "reduce_max"])
@deprecation.deprecated_args(None,
"keep_dims is deprecated, use keepdims instead",
"keep_dims")
def reduce_max_v1(input_tensor,
axis=None,
keepdims=None,
name=None,
reduction_indices=None,
keep_dims=None):
"""Computes the maximum of elements across dimensions of a tensor.
Reduces `input_tensor` along the dimensions given in `axis`.
Unless `keepdims` is true, the rank of the tensor is reduced by 1 for each
entry in `axis`. If `keepdims` is true, the reduced dimensions
are retained with length 1.
If `axis` is None, all dimensions are reduced, and a
tensor with a single element is returned.
Args:
input_tensor: The tensor to reduce. Should have real numeric type.
axis: The dimensions to reduce. If `None` (the default), reduces all
dimensions. Must be in the range `[-rank(input_tensor),
rank(input_tensor))`.
keepdims: If true, retains reduced dimensions with length 1.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
reduction_indices: The old (deprecated) name for axis.
keep_dims: Deprecated alias for `keepdims`.
Returns:
The reduced tensor.
@compatibility(numpy)
Equivalent to np.max
@end_compatibility
"""
axis = deprecation.deprecated_argument_lookup("axis", axis,
"reduction_indices",
reduction_indices)
keepdims = deprecation.deprecated_argument_lookup("keepdims", keepdims,
"keep_dims", keep_dims)
return reduce_max(input_tensor, axis, keepdims, name)
[文档]@tf_export("math.reduce_max", "reduce_max", v1=[])
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def reduce_max(input_tensor, axis=None, keepdims=False, name=None):
"""Computes the maximum of elements across dimensions of a tensor.
Reduces `input_tensor` along the dimensions given in `axis`.
Unless `keepdims` is true, the rank of the tensor is reduced by 1 for each
entry in `axis`. If `keepdims` is true, the reduced dimensions
are retained with length 1.
If `axis` is None, all dimensions are reduced, and a
tensor with a single element is returned.
Usage example:
>>> x = tf.constant([5, 1, 2, 4])
>>> print(tf.reduce_max(x))
tf.Tensor(5, shape=(), dtype=int32)
>>> x = tf.constant([-5, -1, -2, -4])
>>> print(tf.reduce_max(x))
tf.Tensor(-1, shape=(), dtype=int32)
>>> x = tf.constant([4, float('nan')])
>>> print(tf.reduce_max(x))
tf.Tensor(4.0, shape=(), dtype=float32)
>>> x = tf.constant([float('nan'), float('nan')])
>>> print(tf.reduce_max(x))
tf.Tensor(-inf, shape=(), dtype=float32)
>>> x = tf.constant([float('-inf'), float('inf')])
>>> print(tf.reduce_max(x))
tf.Tensor(inf, shape=(), dtype=float32)
See the numpy docs for `np.amax` and `np.nanmax` behavior.
Args:
input_tensor: The tensor to reduce. Should have real numeric type.
axis: The dimensions to reduce. If `None` (the default), reduces all
dimensions. Must be in the range `[-rank(input_tensor),
rank(input_tensor))`.
keepdims: If true, retains reduced dimensions with length 1.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
The reduced tensor.
"""
return reduce_max_with_dims(input_tensor, axis, keepdims, name,
_ReductionDims(input_tensor, axis))
def reduce_max_with_dims(input_tensor,
axis=None,
keepdims=False,
name=None,
dims=None):
keepdims = False if keepdims is None else keepdims
return _may_reduce_to_scalar(
keepdims, axis,
gen_math_ops._max(input_tensor, dims, keepdims, name=name))
@tf_export(v1=["math.reduce_all", "reduce_all"])
@deprecation.deprecated_args(None,
"keep_dims is deprecated, use keepdims instead",
"keep_dims")
def reduce_all_v1(input_tensor,
axis=None,
keepdims=None,
name=None,
reduction_indices=None,
keep_dims=None):
"""Computes the "logical and" of elements across dimensions of a tensor.
Reduces `input_tensor` along the dimensions given in `axis`.
Unless `keepdims` is true, the rank of the tensor is reduced by 1 for each
entry in `axis`. If `keepdims` is true, the reduced dimensions
are retained with length 1.
If `axis` is None, all dimensions are reduced, and a
tensor with a single element is returned.
For example:
```python
x = tf.constant([[True, True], [False, False]])
tf.reduce_all(x) # False
tf.reduce_all(x, 0) # [False, False]
tf.reduce_all(x, 1) # [True, False]
```
Args:
input_tensor: The boolean tensor to reduce.
axis: The dimensions to reduce. If `None` (the default), reduces all
dimensions. Must be in the range `[-rank(input_tensor),
rank(input_tensor))`.
keepdims: If true, retains reduced dimensions with length 1.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
reduction_indices: The old (deprecated) name for axis.
keep_dims: Deprecated alias for `keepdims`.
Returns:
The reduced tensor.
@compatibility(numpy)
Equivalent to np.all
@end_compatibility
"""
axis = deprecation.deprecated_argument_lookup("axis", axis,
"reduction_indices",
reduction_indices)
keepdims = deprecation.deprecated_argument_lookup("keepdims", keepdims,
"keep_dims", keep_dims)
return reduce_all(input_tensor, axis, keepdims, name)
[文档]@tf_export("reduce_all", "math.reduce_all", v1=[])
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def reduce_all(input_tensor, axis=None, keepdims=False, name=None):
"""Computes the "logical and" of elements across dimensions of a tensor.
Reduces `input_tensor` along the dimensions given in `axis`.
Unless `keepdims` is true, the rank of the tensor is reduced by 1 for each
entry in `axis`. If `keepdims` is true, the reduced dimensions
are retained with length 1.
If `axis` is None, all dimensions are reduced, and a
tensor with a single element is returned.
For example:
```python
x = tf.constant([[True, True], [False, False]])
tf.reduce_all(x) # False
tf.reduce_all(x, 0) # [False, False]
tf.reduce_all(x, 1) # [True, False]
```
Args:
input_tensor: The boolean tensor to reduce.
axis: The dimensions to reduce. If `None` (the default), reduces all
dimensions. Must be in the range `[-rank(input_tensor),
rank(input_tensor))`.
keepdims: If true, retains reduced dimensions with length 1.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
The reduced tensor.
@compatibility(numpy)
Equivalent to np.all
@end_compatibility
"""
keepdims = False if keepdims is None else keepdims
return _may_reduce_to_scalar(
keepdims, axis,
gen_math_ops._all(
input_tensor, _ReductionDims(input_tensor, axis), keepdims,
name=name))
@tf_export(v1=["math.reduce_any", "reduce_any"])
@deprecation.deprecated_args(None,
"keep_dims is deprecated, use keepdims instead",
"keep_dims")
def reduce_any_v1(input_tensor,
axis=None,
keepdims=None,
name=None,
reduction_indices=None,
keep_dims=None):
"""Computes the "logical or" of elements across dimensions of a tensor.
Reduces `input_tensor` along the dimensions given in `axis`.
Unless `keepdims` is true, the rank of the tensor is reduced by 1 for each
entry in `axis`. If `keepdims` is true, the reduced dimensions
are retained with length 1.
If `axis` is None, all dimensions are reduced, and a
tensor with a single element is returned.
For example:
```python
x = tf.constant([[True, True], [False, False]])
tf.reduce_any(x) # True
tf.reduce_any(x, 0) # [True, True]
tf.reduce_any(x, 1) # [True, False]
```
Args:
input_tensor: The boolean tensor to reduce.
axis: The dimensions to reduce. If `None` (the default), reduces all
dimensions. Must be in the range `[-rank(input_tensor),
rank(input_tensor))`.
keepdims: If true, retains reduced dimensions with length 1.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
reduction_indices: The old (deprecated) name for axis.
keep_dims: Deprecated alias for `keepdims`.
Returns:
The reduced tensor.
@compatibility(numpy)
Equivalent to np.any
@end_compatibility
"""
axis = deprecation.deprecated_argument_lookup("axis", axis,
"reduction_indices",
reduction_indices)
keepdims = deprecation.deprecated_argument_lookup("keepdims", keepdims,
"keep_dims", keep_dims)
return reduce_any(input_tensor, axis, keepdims, name)
[文档]@tf_export("math.reduce_any", "reduce_any", v1=[])
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def reduce_any(input_tensor, axis=None, keepdims=False, name=None):
"""Computes the "logical or" of elements across dimensions of a tensor.
Reduces `input_tensor` along the dimensions given in `axis`.
Unless `keepdims` is true, the rank of the tensor is reduced by 1 for each
entry in `axis`. If `keepdims` is true, the reduced dimensions
are retained with length 1.
If `axis` is None, all dimensions are reduced, and a
tensor with a single element is returned.
For example:
```python
x = tf.constant([[True, True], [False, False]])
tf.reduce_any(x) # True
tf.reduce_any(x, 0) # [True, True]
tf.reduce_any(x, 1) # [True, False]
```
Args:
input_tensor: The boolean tensor to reduce.
axis: The dimensions to reduce. If `None` (the default), reduces all
dimensions. Must be in the range `[-rank(input_tensor),
rank(input_tensor))`.
keepdims: If true, retains reduced dimensions with length 1.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
The reduced tensor.
@compatibility(numpy)
Equivalent to np.any
@end_compatibility
"""
keepdims = False if keepdims is None else keepdims
return _may_reduce_to_scalar(
keepdims, axis,
gen_math_ops._any(
input_tensor, _ReductionDims(input_tensor, axis), keepdims,
name=name))
@tf_export(v1=["math.reduce_logsumexp", "reduce_logsumexp"])
@deprecation.deprecated_args(None,
"keep_dims is deprecated, use keepdims instead",
"keep_dims")
def reduce_logsumexp_v1(input_tensor,
axis=None,
keepdims=None,
name=None,
reduction_indices=None,
keep_dims=None):
"""Computes log(sum(exp(elements across dimensions of a tensor))).
Reduces `input_tensor` along the dimensions given in `axis`.
Unless `keepdims` is true, the rank of the tensor is reduced by 1 for each
entry in `axis`. If `keepdims` is true, the reduced dimensions
are retained with length 1.
If `axis` has no entries, all dimensions are reduced, and a
tensor with a single element is returned.
This function is more numerically stable than log(sum(exp(input))). It avoids
overflows caused by taking the exp of large inputs and underflows caused by
taking the log of small inputs.
For example:
```python
x = tf.constant([[0., 0., 0.], [0., 0., 0.]])
tf.reduce_logsumexp(x) # log(6)
tf.reduce_logsumexp(x, 0) # [log(2), log(2), log(2)]
tf.reduce_logsumexp(x, 1) # [log(3), log(3)]
tf.reduce_logsumexp(x, 1, keepdims=True) # [[log(3)], [log(3)]]
tf.reduce_logsumexp(x, [0, 1]) # log(6)
```
Args:
input_tensor: The tensor to reduce. Should have numeric type.
axis: The dimensions to reduce. If `None` (the default), reduces all
dimensions. Must be in the range `[-rank(input_tensor),
rank(input_tensor))`.
keepdims: If true, retains reduced dimensions with length 1.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
reduction_indices: The old (deprecated) name for axis.
keep_dims: Deprecated alias for `keepdims`.
Returns:
The reduced tensor.
"""
axis = deprecation.deprecated_argument_lookup("axis", axis,
"reduction_indices",
reduction_indices)
keepdims = deprecation.deprecated_argument_lookup("keepdims", keepdims,
"keep_dims", keep_dims)
return reduce_logsumexp(input_tensor, axis, keepdims, name)
[文档]@tf_export("math.reduce_logsumexp", "reduce_logsumexp", v1=[])
def reduce_logsumexp(input_tensor, axis=None, keepdims=False, name=None):
"""Computes log(sum(exp(elements across dimensions of a tensor))).
Reduces `input_tensor` along the dimensions given in `axis`.
Unless `keepdims` is true, the rank of the tensor is reduced by 1 for each
entry in `axis`. If `keepdims` is true, the reduced dimensions
are retained with length 1.
If `axis` has no entries, all dimensions are reduced, and a
tensor with a single element is returned.
This function is more numerically stable than log(sum(exp(input))). It avoids
overflows caused by taking the exp of large inputs and underflows caused by
taking the log of small inputs.
For example:
```python
x = tf.constant([[0., 0., 0.], [0., 0., 0.]])
tf.reduce_logsumexp(x) # log(6)
tf.reduce_logsumexp(x, 0) # [log(2), log(2), log(2)]
tf.reduce_logsumexp(x, 1) # [log(3), log(3)]
tf.reduce_logsumexp(x, 1, keepdims=True) # [[log(3)], [log(3)]]
tf.reduce_logsumexp(x, [0, 1]) # log(6)
```
Args:
input_tensor: The tensor to reduce. Should have numeric type.
axis: The dimensions to reduce. If `None` (the default), reduces all
dimensions. Must be in the range `[-rank(input_tensor),
rank(input_tensor))`.
keepdims: If true, retains reduced dimensions with length 1.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
The reduced tensor.
"""
keepdims = False if keepdims is None else keepdims
input_tensor = ops.convert_to_tensor(input_tensor)
with ops.name_scope(name, "ReduceLogSumExp", [input_tensor]) as name:
reduce_dim = _ReductionDims(input_tensor, axis)
raw_max = reduce_max_with_dims(
input_tensor, axis=axis, keepdims=True, dims=reduce_dim)
my_max = array_ops.stop_gradient(
gen_math_ops.select(
gen_math_ops.is_finite(raw_max), raw_max,
gen_array_ops.zeros_like(raw_max)))
result = gen_math_ops.log(
reduce_sum_with_dims(
gen_math_ops.exp(gen_math_ops.sub(input_tensor, my_max)),
axis=axis,
keepdims=keepdims,
dims=reduce_dim))
if not keepdims:
my_max = array_ops.reshape(my_max, gen_array_ops.shape(result))
result = gen_math_ops.add(result, my_max)
return _may_reduce_to_scalar(keepdims, axis, result)
@tf_export("linalg.trace", v1=["linalg.trace", "trace"])
@deprecation.deprecated_endpoints("trace")
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def trace(x, name=None):
"""Compute the trace of a tensor `x`.
`trace(x)` returns the sum along the main diagonal of each inner-most matrix
in x. If x is of rank `k` with shape `[I, J, K, ..., L, M, N]`, then output
is a tensor of rank `k-2` with dimensions `[I, J, K, ..., L]` where
`output[i, j, k, ..., l] = trace(x[i, j, i, ..., l, :, :])`
For example:
```python
x = tf.constant([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
tf.linalg.trace(x) # 5
x = tf.constant([[1, 2, 3],
[4, 5, 6],
[7, 8, 9]])
tf.linalg.trace(x) # 15
x = tf.constant([[[1, 2, 3],
[4, 5, 6],
[7, 8, 9]],
[[-1, -2, -3],
[-4, -5, -6],
[-7, -8, -9]]])
tf.linalg.trace(x) # [15, -15]
```
Args:
x: tensor.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
The trace of input tensor.
"""
with ops.name_scope(name, "Trace", [x]) as name:
x = ops.convert_to_tensor(x, name="x")
return reduce_sum(array_ops.matrix_diag_part(x), [-1], name=name)
[文档]@tf_export("linalg.matmul", "matmul")
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def matmul(a,
b,
transpose_a=False,
transpose_b=False,
adjoint_a=False,
adjoint_b=False,
a_is_sparse=False,
b_is_sparse=False,
name=None):
"""Multiplies matrix `a` by matrix `b`, producing `a` * `b`.
The inputs must, following any transpositions, be tensors of rank >= 2
where the inner 2 dimensions specify valid matrix multiplication dimensions,
and any further outer dimensions specify matching batch size.
Both matrices must be of the same type. The supported types are:
`float16`, `float32`, `float64`, `int32`, `complex64`, `complex128`.
Either matrix can be transposed or adjointed (conjugated and transposed) on
the fly by setting one of the corresponding flag to `True`. These are `False`
by default.
If one or both of the matrices contain a lot of zeros, a more efficient
multiplication algorithm can be used by setting the corresponding
`a_is_sparse` or `b_is_sparse` flag to `True`. These are `False` by default.
This optimization is only available for plain matrices (rank-2 tensors) with
datatypes `bfloat16` or `float32`.
A simple 2-D tensor matrix multiplication:
>>> a = tf.constant([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], shape=[2, 3])
>>> a # 2-D tensor
<tf.Tensor: shape=(2, 3), dtype=int32, numpy=
array([[1, 2, 3],
[4, 5, 6]], dtype=int32)>
>>> b = tf.constant([7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12], shape=[3, 2])
>>> b # 2-D tensor
<tf.Tensor: shape=(3, 2), dtype=int32, numpy=
array([[ 7, 8],
[ 9, 10],
[11, 12]], dtype=int32)>
>>> c = tf.matmul(a, b)
>>> c # `a` * `b`
<tf.Tensor: shape=(2, 2), dtype=int32, numpy=
array([[ 58, 64],
[139, 154]], dtype=int32)>
A batch matrix multiplication with batch shape [2]:
>>> a = tf.constant(np.arange(1, 13, dtype=np.int32), shape=[2, 2, 3])
>>> a # 3-D tensor
<tf.Tensor: shape=(2, 2, 3), dtype=int32, numpy=
array([[[ 1, 2, 3],
[ 4, 5, 6]],
[[ 7, 8, 9],
[10, 11, 12]]], dtype=int32)>
>>> b = tf.constant(np.arange(13, 25, dtype=np.int32), shape=[2, 3, 2])
>>> b # 3-D tensor
<tf.Tensor: shape=(2, 3, 2), dtype=int32, numpy=
array([[[13, 14],
[15, 16],
[17, 18]],
[[19, 20],
[21, 22],
[23, 24]]], dtype=int32)>
>>> c = tf.matmul(a, b)
>>> c # `a` * `b`
<tf.Tensor: shape=(2, 2, 2), dtype=int32, numpy=
array([[[ 94, 100],
[229, 244]],
[[508, 532],
[697, 730]]], dtype=int32)>
Since python >= 3.5 the @ operator is supported
(see [PEP 465](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0465/)). In TensorFlow,
it simply calls the `tf.matmul()` function, so the following lines are
equivalent:
>>> d = a @ b @ [[10], [11]]
>>> d = tf.matmul(tf.matmul(a, b), [[10], [11]])
Args:
a: `tf.Tensor` of type `float16`, `float32`, `float64`, `int32`,
`complex64`, `complex128` and rank > 1.
b: `tf.Tensor` with same type and rank as `a`.
transpose_a: If `True`, `a` is transposed before multiplication.
transpose_b: If `True`, `b` is transposed before multiplication.
adjoint_a: If `True`, `a` is conjugated and transposed before
multiplication.
adjoint_b: If `True`, `b` is conjugated and transposed before
multiplication.
a_is_sparse: If `True`, `a` is treated as a sparse matrix. Notice, this
**does not support `tf.sparse.SparseTensor`**, it just makes optimizations
that assume most values in `a` are zero.
See `tf.sparse.sparse_dense_matmul`
for some support for `tf.SparseTensor` multiplication.
b_is_sparse: If `True`, `b` is treated as a sparse matrix. Notice, this
**does not support `tf.sparse.SparseTensor`**, it just makes optimizations
that assume most values in `a` are zero.
See `tf.sparse.sparse_dense_matmul`
for some support for `tf.SparseTensor` multiplication.
name: Name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `tf.Tensor` of the same type as `a` and `b` where each inner-most matrix
is the product of the corresponding matrices in `a` and `b`, e.g. if all
transpose or adjoint attributes are `False`:
`output[..., i, j] = sum_k (a[..., i, k] * b[..., k, j])`,
for all indices `i`, `j`.
Note: This is matrix product, not element-wise product.
Raises:
ValueError: If `transpose_a` and `adjoint_a`, or `transpose_b` and
`adjoint_b` are both set to `True`.
"""
with ops.name_scope(name, "MatMul", [a, b]) as name:
if transpose_a and adjoint_a:
raise ValueError("Only one of transpose_a and adjoint_a can be True.")
if transpose_b and adjoint_b:
raise ValueError("Only one of transpose_b and adjoint_b can be True.")
if context.executing_eagerly():
if not isinstance(a, (ops.EagerTensor, _resource_variable_type)):
a = ops.convert_to_tensor(a, name="a")
if not isinstance(b, (ops.EagerTensor, _resource_variable_type)):
b = ops.convert_to_tensor(b, name="b")
else:
a = ops.convert_to_tensor(a, name="a")
b = ops.convert_to_tensor(b, name="b")
# TODO(apassos) remove _shape_tuple here when it is not needed.
a_shape = a._shape_tuple() # pylint: disable=protected-access
b_shape = b._shape_tuple() # pylint: disable=protected-access
output_may_have_non_empty_batch_shape = (
(a_shape is None or len(a_shape) > 2) or
(b_shape is None or len(b_shape) > 2))
if (not a_is_sparse and
not b_is_sparse) and output_may_have_non_empty_batch_shape:
# BatchMatmul does not support transpose, so we conjugate the matrix and
# use adjoint instead. Conj() is a noop for real matrices.
if transpose_a:
a = conj(a)
adjoint_a = True
if transpose_b:
b = conj(b)
adjoint_b = True
return gen_math_ops.batch_mat_mul_v2(
a, b, adj_x=adjoint_a, adj_y=adjoint_b, name=name)
# Neither matmul nor sparse_matmul support adjoint, so we conjugate
# the matrix and use transpose instead. Conj() is a noop for real
# matrices.
if adjoint_a:
a = conj(a)
transpose_a = True
if adjoint_b:
b = conj(b)
transpose_b = True
use_sparse_matmul = False
if a_is_sparse or b_is_sparse:
sparse_matmul_types = [dtypes.bfloat16, dtypes.float32]
use_sparse_matmul = (
a.dtype in sparse_matmul_types and b.dtype in sparse_matmul_types)
if ((a.dtype == dtypes.bfloat16 or b.dtype == dtypes.bfloat16) and
a.dtype != b.dtype):
# matmul currently doesn't handle mixed-precision inputs.
use_sparse_matmul = True
if use_sparse_matmul:
ret = sparse_matmul(
a,
b,
transpose_a=transpose_a,
transpose_b=transpose_b,
a_is_sparse=a_is_sparse,
b_is_sparse=b_is_sparse,
name=name)
# sparse_matmul always returns float32, even with
# bfloat16 inputs. This prevents us from configuring bfloat16 training.
# casting to bfloat16 also matches non-sparse matmul behavior better.
if a.dtype == dtypes.bfloat16 and b.dtype == dtypes.bfloat16:
ret = cast(ret, dtypes.bfloat16)
return ret
else:
return gen_math_ops.mat_mul(
a, b, transpose_a=transpose_a, transpose_b=transpose_b, name=name)
@tf_export("linalg.matvec")
def matvec(a,
b,
transpose_a=False,
adjoint_a=False,
a_is_sparse=False,
b_is_sparse=False,
name=None):
"""Multiplies matrix `a` by vector `b`, producing `a` * `b`.
The matrix `a` must, following any transpositions, be a tensor of rank >= 2,
with `shape(a)[-1] == shape(b)[-1]`, and `shape(a)[:-2]` able to broadcast
with `shape(b)[:-1]`.
Both `a` and `b` must be of the same type. The supported types are:
`float16`, `float32`, `float64`, `int32`, `complex64`, `complex128`.
Matrix `a` can be transposed or adjointed (conjugated and transposed) on
the fly by setting one of the corresponding flag to `True`. These are `False`
by default.
If one or both of the inputs contain a lot of zeros, a more efficient
multiplication algorithm can be used by setting the corresponding
`a_is_sparse` or `b_is_sparse` flag to `True`. These are `False` by default.
This optimization is only available for plain matrices/vectors (rank-2/1
tensors) with datatypes `bfloat16` or `float32`.
For example:
```python
# 2-D tensor `a`
# [[1, 2, 3],
# [4, 5, 6]]
a = tf.constant([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], shape=[2, 3])
# 1-D tensor `b`
# [7, 9, 11]
b = tf.constant([7, 9, 11], shape=[3])
# `a` * `b`
# [ 58, 64]
c = tf.linalg.matvec(a, b)
# 3-D tensor `a`
# [[[ 1, 2, 3],
# [ 4, 5, 6]],
# [[ 7, 8, 9],
# [10, 11, 12]]]
a = tf.constant(np.arange(1, 13, dtype=np.int32),
shape=[2, 2, 3])
# 2-D tensor `b`
# [[13, 14, 15],
# [16, 17, 18]]
b = tf.constant(np.arange(13, 19, dtype=np.int32),
shape=[2, 3])
# `a` * `b`
# [[ 86, 212],
# [410, 563]]
c = tf.linalg.matvec(a, b)
```
Args:
a: `Tensor` of type `float16`, `float32`, `float64`, `int32`, `complex64`,
`complex128` and rank > 1.
b: `Tensor` with same type as `a` and compatible dimensions.
transpose_a: If `True`, `a` is transposed before multiplication.
adjoint_a: If `True`, `a` is conjugated and transposed before
multiplication.
a_is_sparse: If `True`, `a` is treated as a sparse matrix.
b_is_sparse: If `True`, `b` is treated as a sparse matrix.
name: Name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `Tensor` of the same type as `a` and `b` where each inner-most vector is
the product of the corresponding matrices in `a` and vectors in `b`, e.g. if
all transpose or adjoint attributes are `False`:
`output`[..., i] = sum_k (`a`[..., i, k] * `b`[..., k]), for all indices i.
Note: This is matrix-vector product, not element-wise product.
Raises:
ValueError: If transpose_a and adjoint_a are both set to True.
"""
with ops.name_scope(name, "MatVec", [a, b]) as name:
output = matmul(
a,
array_ops.expand_dims(b, axis=-1),
transpose_a=transpose_a,
adjoint_a=adjoint_a,
a_is_sparse=a_is_sparse,
b_is_sparse=b_is_sparse)
return array_ops.squeeze(output, axis=-1)
_OverrideBinaryOperatorHelper(matmul, "matmul")
sparse_matmul = deprecation.deprecated(None, "Use `tf.linalg.matmul` instead")(
gen_math_ops.sparse_mat_mul)
tf_export(v1=["sparse_matmul"])(sparse_matmul)
@ops.RegisterStatistics("MatMul", "flops")
def _calc_mat_mul_flops(graph, node):
"""Calculates the compute resources needed for MatMul."""
transpose_a = node.attr["transpose_a"].b
a_shape = graph_util.tensor_shape_from_node_def_name(graph, node.input[0])
a_shape.assert_is_fully_defined()
if transpose_a:
k = int(a_shape[0])
else:
k = int(a_shape[1])
output_shape = graph_util.tensor_shape_from_node_def_name(graph, node.name)
output_shape.assert_is_fully_defined()
output_count = np.prod(output_shape.as_list())
return ops.OpStats("flops", (k * output_count * 2))
@ops.RegisterStatistics("BatchMatMul", "flops")
@ops.RegisterStatistics("BatchMatMulV2", "flops")
def _calc_batch_mat_mul_flops(graph, node):
"""Calculates the compute resources needed for BatchMatMul."""
transpose_a = node.attr["transpose_a"].b
a_shape = graph_util.tensor_shape_from_node_def_name(graph, node.input[0])
a_shape.assert_is_fully_defined()
if transpose_a:
k = int(a_shape[-2])
else:
k = int(a_shape[-1])
output_shape = graph_util.tensor_shape_from_node_def_name(graph, node.name)
output_shape.assert_is_fully_defined()
output_count = np.prod(output_shape.as_list())
return ops.OpStats("flops", (k * output_count * 2))
def _as_indexed_slices(x, optimize=True):
"""Convert 'x' to IndexedSlices.
Convert a dense Tensor to a block-sparse IndexedSlices.
Args:
x: Either a Tensor object, or an IndexedSlices object.
optimize: if true, attempt to optimize the conversion of 'x'.
Returns:
An IndexedSlices object.
Raises:
TypeError: If 'x' is not a Tensor or an IndexedSlices object.
"""
# TODO(touts): op_scope
if not isinstance(x, (ops.Tensor, ops.IndexedSlices)):
raise TypeError("Not a Tensor or IndexedSlices: %s" % type(x))
if isinstance(x, ops.IndexedSlices):
return x
x_shape = array_ops.shape_internal(x, optimize=optimize)
return ops.IndexedSlices(x, range(0, x_shape[0]), x_shape)
def _as_indexed_slices_list(inputs, optimize=True):
"""Convert all elements of 'inputs' to IndexedSlices.
Additionally, homogenize the types of all the indices to
either int32 or int64.
Args:
inputs: List containing either Tensor or IndexedSlices objects.
optimize: if true, attempt to optimize the conversion of each input.
Returns:
A list of IndexedSlices objects.
Raises:
TypeError: If 'inputs' is not a list or a tuple.
"""
if not isinstance(inputs, (list, tuple)):
raise TypeError("Expected a list or tuple, not a %s" % type(inputs))
outputs = [_as_indexed_slices(i, optimize=optimize) for i in inputs]
with_int32_index = [
o.indices for o in outputs if o.indices.dtype == dtypes.int32
]
if not with_int32_index or len(with_int32_index) == len(outputs):
return outputs
casted_outputs = []
for o in outputs:
if o.indices.dtype == dtypes.int32:
casted_outputs.append(
ops.IndexedSlices(o.values, cast(o.indices, dtypes.int64),
o.dense_shape))
else:
casted_outputs.append(o)
return casted_outputs
[文档]@tf_export("math.add_n", "add_n")
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def add_n(inputs, name=None):
"""Adds all input tensors element-wise.
`tf.math.add_n` performs the same operation as `tf.math.accumulate_n`, but it
waits for all of its inputs to be ready before beginning to sum.
This buffering can result in higher memory consumption when inputs are ready
at different times, since the minimum temporary storage required is
proportional to the input size rather than the output size.
This op does not [broadcast](
https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy-1.13.0/user/basics.broadcasting.html)
its inputs. If you need broadcasting, use `tf.math.add` (or the `+` operator)
instead.
For example:
>>> a = tf.constant([[3, 5], [4, 8]])
>>> b = tf.constant([[1, 6], [2, 9]])
>>> tf.math.add_n([a, b, a])
<tf.Tensor: shape=(2, 2), dtype=int32, numpy=
array([[ 7, 16],
[10, 25]], dtype=int32)>
Args:
inputs: A list of `tf.Tensor` or `tf.IndexedSlices` objects, each with the
same shape and type. `tf.IndexedSlices` objects will be converted into
dense tensors prior to adding.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `tf.Tensor` of the same shape and type as the elements of `inputs`.
Raises:
ValueError: If `inputs` don't all have same shape and dtype or the shape
cannot be inferred.
"""
if not inputs or not isinstance(inputs, (list, tuple)):
raise ValueError("inputs must be a list of at least one "
"Tensor/IndexedSlices with the same dtype and shape")
inputs = ops.convert_n_to_tensor_or_indexed_slices(inputs)
if not all(isinstance(x, (ops.Tensor, ops.IndexedSlices)) for x in inputs):
raise ValueError("inputs must be a list of at least one "
"Tensor/IndexedSlices with the same dtype and shape")
if len(inputs) == 1:
if isinstance(inputs[0], ops.IndexedSlices):
values = ops.convert_to_tensor(inputs[0])
else:
values = inputs[0]
if name:
return array_ops.identity(values, name=name)
return values
return gen_math_ops.add_n(inputs, name=name)
@tf_export("math.accumulate_n", v1=["math.accumulate_n", "accumulate_n"])
@deprecation.deprecated_endpoints("accumulate_n")
def accumulate_n(inputs, shape=None, tensor_dtype=None, name=None):
"""Returns the element-wise sum of a list of tensors.
Optionally, pass `shape` and `tensor_dtype` for shape and type checking,
otherwise, these are inferred.
`accumulate_n` performs the same operation as `tf.math.add_n`.
For example:
```python
a = tf.constant([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
b = tf.constant([[5, 0], [0, 6]])
tf.math.accumulate_n([a, b, a]) # [[7, 4], [6, 14]]
# Explicitly pass shape and type
tf.math.accumulate_n([a, b, a], shape=[2, 2], tensor_dtype=tf.int32)
# [[7, 4],
# [6, 14]]
```
Args:
inputs: A list of `Tensor` objects, each with same shape and type.
shape: Expected shape of elements of `inputs` (optional). Also controls the
output shape of this op, which may affect type inference in other ops. A
value of `None` means "infer the input shape from the shapes in `inputs`".
tensor_dtype: Expected data type of `inputs` (optional). A value of `None`
means "infer the input dtype from `inputs[0]`".
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `Tensor` of same shape and type as the elements of `inputs`.
Raises:
ValueError: If `inputs` don't all have same shape and dtype or the shape
cannot be inferred.
"""
def _input_error():
return ValueError("inputs must be a list of at least one Tensor with the "
"same dtype and shape")
if not inputs or not isinstance(inputs, (list, tuple)):
raise _input_error()
inputs = ops.convert_n_to_tensor_or_indexed_slices(inputs)
if not all(isinstance(x, ops.Tensor) for x in inputs):
raise _input_error()
if not all(x.dtype == inputs[0].dtype for x in inputs):
raise _input_error()
if shape is not None:
shape = tensor_shape.as_shape(shape)
else:
shape = tensor_shape.unknown_shape()
for input_tensor in inputs:
if isinstance(input_tensor, ops.Tensor):
shape = shape.merge_with(input_tensor.get_shape())
# tensor_dtype is for safety only; operator's output type computed in C++
if tensor_dtype is not None and tensor_dtype != inputs[0].dtype:
raise TypeError("tensor_dtype is {}, but input is of type {}".format(
tensor_dtype, inputs[0].dtype))
if len(inputs) == 1 and name is None:
return inputs[0]
elif len(inputs) == 1 and name is not None:
return array_ops.identity(inputs[0], name=name)
return add_n(inputs, name=name)
@ops.RegisterGradient("AccumulateNV2")
def _accumulate_n_grad(op, grad):
"""Same as gradient for AddN. Copies the gradient to all inputs."""
# Not broadcasting.
return [grad] * len(op.inputs)
[文档]@tf_export("math.sigmoid", "nn.sigmoid", "sigmoid")
def sigmoid(x, name=None):
r"""Computes sigmoid of `x` element-wise.
Formula for calculating sigmoid(x): `y = 1 / (1 + exp(-x))`.
For x \in (-inf, inf) => sigmoid(x) \in (0, 1)
Example Usage:
If a positive number is large, then its sigmoid will approach to 1 since the
formula will be `y = <large_num> / (1 + <large_num>)`
>>> x = tf.constant([0.0, 1.0, 50.0, 100.0])
>>> tf.math.sigmoid(x)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(4,), dtype=float32,
numpy=array([0.5 , 0.7310586, 1. , 1. ], dtype=float32)>
If a negative number is large, its sigmoid will approach to 0 since the
formula will be `y = 1 / (1 + <large_num>)`
>>> x = tf.constant([-100.0, -50.0, -1.0, 0.0])
>>> tf.math.sigmoid(x)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(4,), dtype=float32, numpy=
array([0.0000000e+00, 1.9287499e-22, 2.6894143e-01, 0.5],
dtype=float32)>
Args:
x: A Tensor with type `float16`, `float32`, `float64`, `complex64`, or
`complex128`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A Tensor with the same type as `x`.
Usage Example:
>>> x = tf.constant([-128.0, 0.0, 128.0], dtype=tf.float32)
>>> tf.sigmoid(x)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(3,), dtype=float32,
numpy=array([0. , 0.5, 1. ], dtype=float32)>
@compatibility(scipy)
Equivalent to scipy.special.expit
@end_compatibility
"""
with ops.name_scope(name, "Sigmoid", [x]) as name:
x = ops.convert_to_tensor(x, name="x")
return gen_math_ops.sigmoid(x, name=name)
@tf_export("math.log_sigmoid", v1=["math.log_sigmoid", "log_sigmoid"])
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
@deprecation.deprecated_endpoints("log_sigmoid")
def log_sigmoid(x, name=None):
"""Computes log sigmoid of `x` element-wise.
Specifically, `y = log(1 / (1 + exp(-x)))`. For numerical stability,
we use `y = -tf.nn.softplus(-x)`.
Args:
x: A Tensor with type `float32` or `float64`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A Tensor with the same type as `x`.
"""
with ops.name_scope(name, "LogSigmoid", [x]) as name:
x = ops.convert_to_tensor(x, name="x")
return gen_math_ops.neg(gen_nn_ops.softplus(-x), name=name)
@tf_export("math.bincount", v1=[])
def bincount(arr,
weights=None,
minlength=None,
maxlength=None,
dtype=dtypes.int32,
name=None):
"""Counts the number of occurrences of each value in an integer array.
If `minlength` and `maxlength` are not given, returns a vector with length
`tf.reduce_max(arr) + 1` if `arr` is non-empty, and length 0 otherwise.
If `weights` are non-None, then index `i` of the output stores the sum of the
value in `weights` at each index where the corresponding value in `arr` is
`i`.
```python
values = tf.constant([1,1,2,3,2,4,4,5])
tf.math.bincount(values) #[0 2 2 1 2 1]
```
Vector length = Maximum element in vector `values` is 5. Adding 1, which is 6
will be the vector length.
Each bin value in the output indicates number of occurrences of the particular
index. Here, index 1 in output has a value 2. This indicates value 1 occurs
two times in `values`.
```python
values = tf.constant([1,1,2,3,2,4,4,5])
weights = tf.constant([1,5,0,1,0,5,4,5])
tf.math.bincount(values, weights=weights) #[0 6 0 1 9 5]
```
Bin will be incremented by the corresponding weight instead of 1.
Here, index 1 in output has a value 6. This is the summation of weights
corresponding to the value in `values`.
Args:
arr: An int32 tensor of non-negative values.
weights: If non-None, must be the same shape as arr. For each value in
`arr`, the bin will be incremented by the corresponding weight instead of
1.
minlength: If given, ensures the output has length at least `minlength`,
padding with zeros at the end if necessary.
maxlength: If given, skips values in `arr` that are equal or greater than
`maxlength`, ensuring that the output has length at most `maxlength`.
dtype: If `weights` is None, determines the type of the output bins.
name: A name scope for the associated operations (optional).
Returns:
A vector with the same dtype as `weights` or the given `dtype`. The bin
values.
Raises:
`InvalidArgumentError` if negative values are provided as an input.
"""
name = "bincount" if name is None else name
with ops.name_scope(name):
arr = ops.convert_to_tensor(arr, name="arr", dtype=dtypes.int32)
array_is_nonempty = reduce_prod(array_ops.shape(arr)) > 0
output_size = cast(array_is_nonempty, dtypes.int32) * (reduce_max(arr) + 1)
if minlength is not None:
minlength = ops.convert_to_tensor(
minlength, name="minlength", dtype=dtypes.int32)
output_size = gen_math_ops.maximum(minlength, output_size)
if maxlength is not None:
maxlength = ops.convert_to_tensor(
maxlength, name="maxlength", dtype=dtypes.int32)
output_size = gen_math_ops.minimum(maxlength, output_size)
if weights is not None:
weights = ops.convert_to_tensor(weights, name="weights")
return gen_math_ops.unsorted_segment_sum(weights, arr, output_size)
weights = constant_op.constant([], dtype)
return gen_math_ops.bincount(arr, output_size, weights)
@tf_export(v1=["math.bincount", "bincount"])
@deprecation.deprecated_endpoints("bincount")
def bincount_v1(arr,
weights=None,
minlength=None,
maxlength=None,
dtype=dtypes.int32):
"""Counts the number of occurrences of each value in an integer array.
If `minlength` and `maxlength` are not given, returns a vector with length
`tf.reduce_max(arr) + 1` if `arr` is non-empty, and length 0 otherwise.
If `weights` are non-None, then index `i` of the output stores the sum of the
value in `weights` at each index where the corresponding value in `arr` is
`i`.
Args:
arr: An int32 tensor of non-negative values.
weights: If non-None, must be the same shape as arr. For each value in
`arr`, the bin will be incremented by the corresponding weight instead of
1.
minlength: If given, ensures the output has length at least `minlength`,
padding with zeros at the end if necessary.
maxlength: If given, skips values in `arr` that are equal or greater than
`maxlength`, ensuring that the output has length at most `maxlength`.
dtype: If `weights` is None, determines the type of the output bins.
Returns:
A vector with the same dtype as `weights` or the given `dtype`. The bin
values.
"""
return bincount(arr, weights, minlength, maxlength, dtype)
[文档]@tf_export("math.cumsum", "cumsum")
def cumsum(x, axis=0, exclusive=False, reverse=False, name=None):
"""Compute the cumulative sum of the tensor `x` along `axis`.
By default, this op performs an inclusive cumsum, which means that the first
element of the input is identical to the first element of the output:
For example:
>>> # tf.cumsum([a, b, c]) # [a, a + b, a + b + c]
>>> x = tf.constant([2, 4, 6, 8])
>>> tf.cumsum(x)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(4,), dtype=int32,
numpy=array([ 2, 6, 12, 20], dtype=int32)>
>>> # using varying `axis` values
>>> y = tf.constant([[2, 4, 6, 8], [1,3,5,7]])
>>> tf.cumsum(y, axis=0)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(2, 4), dtype=int32, numpy=
array([[ 2, 4, 6, 8],
[ 3, 7, 11, 15]], dtype=int32)>
>>> tf.cumsum(y, axis=1)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(2, 4), dtype=int32, numpy=
array([[ 2, 6, 12, 20],
[ 1, 4, 9, 16]], dtype=int32)>
By setting the `exclusive` kwarg to `True`, an exclusive cumsum is performed
instead:
>>> # tf.cumsum([a, b, c], exclusive=True) => [0, a, a + b]
>>> x = tf.constant([2, 4, 6, 8])
>>> tf.cumsum(x, exclusive=True)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(4,), dtype=int32,
numpy=array([ 0, 2, 6, 12], dtype=int32)>
By setting the `reverse` kwarg to `True`, the cumsum is performed in the
opposite direction:
>>> # tf.cumsum([a, b, c], reverse=True) # [a + b + c, b + c, c]
>>> x = tf.constant([2, 4, 6, 8])
>>> tf.cumsum(x, reverse=True)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(4,), dtype=int32,
numpy=array([20, 18, 14, 8], dtype=int32)>
This is more efficient than using separate `tf.reverse` ops.
The `reverse` and `exclusive` kwargs can also be combined:
>>> # tf.cumsum([a, b, c], exclusive=True, reverse=True) # [b + c, c, 0]
>>> x = tf.constant([2, 4, 6, 8])
>>> tf.cumsum(x, exclusive=True, reverse=True)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(4,), dtype=int32,
numpy=array([18, 14, 8, 0], dtype=int32)>
Args:
x: A `Tensor`. Must be one of the following types: `float32`, `float64`,
`int64`, `int32`, `uint8`, `uint16`, `int16`, `int8`, `complex64`,
`complex128`, `qint8`, `quint8`, `qint32`, `half`.
axis: A `Tensor` of type `int32` (default: 0). Must be in the range
`[-rank(x), rank(x))`.
exclusive: If `True`, perform exclusive cumsum.
reverse: A `bool` (default: False).
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `Tensor`. Has the same type as `x`.
"""
with ops.name_scope(name, "Cumsum", [x]) as name:
x = ops.convert_to_tensor(x, name="x")
return gen_math_ops.cumsum(
x, axis, exclusive=exclusive, reverse=reverse, name=name)
@tf_export("math.cumprod", v1=["math.cumprod", "cumprod"])
@deprecation.deprecated_endpoints("cumprod")
def cumprod(x, axis=0, exclusive=False, reverse=False, name=None):
"""Compute the cumulative product of the tensor `x` along `axis`.
By default, this op performs an inclusive cumprod, which means that the
first element of the input is identical to the first element of the output:
```python
tf.math.cumprod([a, b, c]) # [a, a * b, a * b * c]
```
By setting the `exclusive` kwarg to `True`, an exclusive cumprod is
performed
instead:
```python
tf.math.cumprod([a, b, c], exclusive=True) # [1, a, a * b]
```
By setting the `reverse` kwarg to `True`, the cumprod is performed in the
opposite direction:
```python
tf.math.cumprod([a, b, c], reverse=True) # [a * b * c, b * c, c]
```
This is more efficient than using separate `tf.reverse` ops.
The `reverse` and `exclusive` kwargs can also be combined:
```python
tf.math.cumprod([a, b, c], exclusive=True, reverse=True) # [b * c, c, 1]
```
Args:
x: A `Tensor`. Must be one of the following types: `float32`, `float64`,
`int64`, `int32`, `uint8`, `uint16`, `int16`, `int8`, `complex64`,
`complex128`, `qint8`, `quint8`, `qint32`, `half`.
axis: A `Tensor` of type `int32` (default: 0). Must be in the range
`[-rank(x), rank(x))`.
exclusive: If `True`, perform exclusive cumprod.
reverse: A `bool` (default: False).
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `Tensor`. Has the same type as `x`.
"""
with ops.name_scope(name, "Cumprod", [x]) as name:
x = ops.convert_to_tensor(x, name="x")
return gen_math_ops.cumprod(
x, axis, exclusive=exclusive, reverse=reverse, name=name)
@tf_export("math.cumulative_logsumexp", v1=["math.cumulative_logsumexp"])
def cumulative_logsumexp(x, axis=0, exclusive=False, reverse=False, name=None):
"""Compute the cumulative log-sum-exp of the tensor `x` along `axis`.
By default, this op performs an inclusive cumulative log-sum-exp, which means
that the first element of the input is identical to the first element of
the output.
This operation is significantly more numerically stable than the equivalent
tensorflow operation `tf.math.log(tf.math.cumsum(tf.math.exp(x)))`, although
computes the same result given infinite numerical precision. However, note
that in some cases, it may be less stable than `tf.math.reduce_logsumexp`
for a given element, as it applies the "log-sum-exp trick" in a different
way.
More precisely, where `tf.math.reduce_logsumexp` uses the following trick:
```
log(sum(exp(x))) == log(sum(exp(x - max(x)))) + max(x)
```
it cannot be directly used here as there is no fast way of applying it
to each prefix `x[:i]`. Instead, this function implements a prefix
scan using pairwise log-add-exp, which is a commutative and associative
(up to floating point precision) operator:
```
log_add_exp(x, y) = log(exp(x) + exp(y))
= log(1 + exp(min(x, y) - max(x, y))) + max(x, y)
```
However, reducing using the above operator leads to a different computation
tree (logs are taken repeatedly instead of only at the end), and the maximum
is only computed pairwise instead of over the entire prefix. In general, this
leads to a different and slightly less precise computation.
Args:
x: A `Tensor`. Must be one of the following types: `float16`, `float32`,
`float64`.
axis: A `Tensor` of type `int32` or `int64` (default: 0). Must be in the
range `[-rank(x), rank(x))`.
exclusive: If `True`, perform exclusive cumulative log-sum-exp.
reverse: If `True`, performs the cumulative log-sum-exp in the reverse
direction.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `Tensor`. Has the same shape and type as `x`.
"""
with ops.name_scope(name, "CumulativeLogsumexp", [x]) as name:
x = ops.convert_to_tensor(x, name="x")
return gen_math_ops.cumulative_logsumexp(
x, axis, exclusive=exclusive, reverse=reverse, name=name)
@tf_export("math.conj", v1=["math.conj", "conj"])
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
@deprecation.deprecated_endpoints("conj")
def conj(x, name=None):
r"""Returns the complex conjugate of a complex number.
Given a tensor `input` of complex numbers, this operation returns a tensor of
complex numbers that are the complex conjugate of each element in `input`. The
complex numbers in `input` must be of the form \\(a + bj\\), where *a* is the
real part and *b* is the imaginary part.
The complex conjugate returned by this operation is of the form \\(a - bj\\).
For example:
# tensor 'input' is [-2.25 + 4.75j, 3.25 + 5.75j]
tf.math.conj(input) ==> [-2.25 - 4.75j, 3.25 - 5.75j]
If `x` is real, it is returned unchanged.
Args:
x: `Tensor` to conjugate. Must have numeric or variant type.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `Tensor` that is the conjugate of `x` (with the same type).
Raises:
TypeError: If `x` is not a numeric tensor.
"""
if isinstance(x, ops.Tensor):
dt = x.dtype
if dt.is_floating or dt.is_integer:
return x
with ops.name_scope(name, "Conj", [x]) as name:
x = ops.convert_to_tensor(x, name="x")
if x.dtype.is_complex or x.dtype == dtypes.variant:
return gen_math_ops.conj(x, name=name)
elif x.dtype.is_floating or x.dtype.is_integer:
return x
else:
raise TypeError("Expected numeric or variant tensor, got dtype %r" %
x.dtype)
def reduced_shape(input_shape, axes):
"""Helper function for reduction ops.
Args:
input_shape: 1-D Tensor, the shape of the Tensor being reduced.
axes: 1-D Tensor, the reduction axes.
Returns:
A 1-D Tensor, the output shape as if keepdims were set to True.
"""
if context.executing_eagerly():
input_shape = input_shape.numpy()
axes = axes.numpy()
input_shape[axes] = 1
return input_shape
# Example:
# cast needed for SparseTensor reductions
input_shape = cast(input_shape, dtypes.int32) # [2, 3, 5, 7]
axes = cast(axes, dtypes.int32) # [1, 2]
input_rank = array_ops.size(input_shape) # 4
axes = (axes + input_rank) % input_rank
axes_shape = array_ops.shape(axes) # [2]
return gen_data_flow_ops.dynamic_stitch( # [2, 1, 1, 7]
[
range(input_rank), # [0, 1, 2, 3]
axes
], # [1, 2]
[
input_shape, # [2, 3, 5, 7]
array_ops.fill(axes_shape, 1)
]) # [1, 1]
def _unsorted_segment_N(data, segment_ids, num_segments):
""" Helper function for unsorted_segment_mean/_sqrtN.
Computes the number
of segment entries with 0-entries set to 1 to allow division by N.
"""
num_segments = ops.convert_to_tensor(num_segments)
# bincount doesn't support negative indices so we use unsorted_segment_sum
segment_ids_shape = array_ops.shape_internal(segment_ids)
ones_tensor = array_ops.ones(segment_ids_shape, dtype=data.dtype)
n = gen_math_ops.unsorted_segment_sum(ones_tensor, segment_ids, num_segments)
# add dimensions for all non-reduced axes
broadcastable_shape = array_ops.concat(
[num_segments[array_ops.newaxis],
array_ops.ones([array_ops.rank(data)
- array_ops.rank(segment_ids)],
dtype=num_segments.dtype)],
axis=0)
n = array_ops.reshape(n, broadcastable_shape)
return gen_math_ops.maximum(n, 1)
@tf_export(
"math.unsorted_segment_mean",
v1=["math.unsorted_segment_mean", "unsorted_segment_mean"])
@deprecation.deprecated_endpoints("unsorted_segment_mean")
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def unsorted_segment_mean(data, segment_ids, num_segments, name=None):
r"""Computes the mean along segments of a tensor.
Read [the section on
segmentation](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r2.0/api_docs/python/tf/math#about_segmentation)
for an explanation of segments.
This operator is similar to the unsorted segment sum operator found
[here](../../../api_docs/python/math_ops.md#UnsortedSegmentSum).
Instead of computing the sum over segments, it computes the mean of all
entries belonging to a segment such that:
\\(output_i = 1/N_i \sum_{j...} data[j...]\\) where the sum is over tuples
`j...` such that `segment_ids[j...] == i` with \\N_i\\ being the number of
occurrences of id \\i\\.
If there is no entry for a given segment ID `i`, it outputs 0.
If the given segment ID `i` is negative, the value is dropped and will not
be added to the sum of the segment.
Args:
data: A `Tensor` with floating point or complex dtype.
segment_ids: An integer tensor whose shape is a prefix of `data.shape`.
num_segments: An integer scalar `Tensor`. The number of distinct segment
IDs.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `Tensor`. Has same shape as data, except for the first `segment_ids.rank`
dimensions, which are replaced with a single dimension which has size
`num_segments`.
"""
with ops.name_scope(name, "UnsortedSegmentMean"):
data = ops.convert_to_tensor(data)
segment_ids = ops.convert_to_tensor(segment_ids)
N = _unsorted_segment_N(data, segment_ids, num_segments)
summed = gen_math_ops.unsorted_segment_sum(data, segment_ids, num_segments)
return summed / N
@tf_export(
"math.unsorted_segment_sqrt_n",
v1=["math.unsorted_segment_sqrt_n", "unsorted_segment_sqrt_n"])
@deprecation.deprecated_endpoints("unsorted_segment_sqrt_n")
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def unsorted_segment_sqrt_n(data, segment_ids, num_segments, name=None):
r"""Computes the sum along segments of a tensor divided by the sqrt(N).
Read [the section on
segmentation](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r2.0/api_docs/python/tf/math#about_segmentation)
for an explanation of segments.
This operator is similar to the unsorted segment sum operator found
[here](../../../api_docs/python/math_ops.md#UnsortedSegmentSum).
Additionally to computing the sum over segments, it divides the results by
sqrt(N).
\\(output_i = 1/sqrt(N_i) \sum_{j...} data[j...]\\) where the sum is over
tuples `j...` such that `segment_ids[j...] == i` with \\N_i\\ being the
number of occurrences of id \\i\\.
If there is no entry for a given segment ID `i`, it outputs 0.
Note that this op only supports floating point and complex dtypes,
due to tf.sqrt only supporting these types.
If the given segment ID `i` is negative, the value is dropped and will not
be added to the sum of the segment.
Args:
data: A `Tensor` with floating point or complex dtype.
segment_ids: An integer tensor whose shape is a prefix of `data.shape`.
num_segments: An integer scalar `Tensor`. The number of distinct segment
IDs.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `Tensor`. Has same shape as data, except for the first `segment_ids.rank`
dimensions, which are replaced with a single dimension which has size
`num_segments`.
"""
with ops.name_scope(name, "UnsortedSegmentSqrtN"):
data = ops.convert_to_tensor(data)
segment_ids = ops.convert_to_tensor(segment_ids)
N = _unsorted_segment_N(data, segment_ids, num_segments)
summed = gen_math_ops.unsorted_segment_sum(data, segment_ids, num_segments)
return summed / gen_math_ops.sqrt(N)
@tf_export(v1=["sparse.segment_sum", "sparse_segment_sum"])
@deprecation.deprecated_endpoints("sparse_segment_sum")
def sparse_segment_sum(data,
indices,
segment_ids,
name=None,
num_segments=None):
r"""Computes the sum along sparse segments of a tensor.
Read [the section on
segmentation](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r2.0/api_docs/python/tf/math#about_segmentation)
for an explanation of segments.
Like `tf.math.segment_sum`, but `segment_ids` can have rank less than `data`'s
first dimension, selecting a subset of dimension 0, specified by `indices`.
`segment_ids` is allowed to have missing ids, in which case the output will
be zeros at those indices. In those cases `num_segments` is used to determine
the size of the output.
For example:
```python
c = tf.constant([[1,2,3,4], [-1,-2,-3,-4], [5,6,7,8]])
# Select two rows, one segment.
tf.sparse.segment_sum(c, tf.constant([0, 1]), tf.constant([0, 0]))
# => [[0 0 0 0]]
# Select two rows, two segment.
tf.sparse.segment_sum(c, tf.constant([0, 1]), tf.constant([0, 1]))
# => [[ 1 2 3 4]
# [-1 -2 -3 -4]]
# With missing segment ids.
tf.sparse.segment_sum(c, tf.constant([0, 1]), tf.constant([0, 2]),
num_segments=4)
# => [[ 1 2 3 4]
# [ 0 0 0 0]
# [-1 -2 -3 -4]
# [ 0 0 0 0]]
# Select all rows, two segments.
tf.sparse.segment_sum(c, tf.constant([0, 1, 2]), tf.constant([0, 0, 1]))
# => [[0 0 0 0]
# [5 6 7 8]]
# Which is equivalent to:
tf.math.segment_sum(c, tf.constant([0, 0, 1]))
```
Args:
data: A `Tensor` with data that will be assembled in the output.
indices: A 1-D `Tensor` with indices into `data`. Has same rank as
`segment_ids`.
segment_ids: A 1-D `Tensor` with indices into the output `Tensor`. Values
should be sorted and can be repeated.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
num_segments: An optional int32 scalar. Indicates the size of the output
`Tensor`.
Returns:
A `tensor` of the shape as data, except for dimension 0 which
has size `k`, the number of segments specified via `num_segments` or
inferred for the last element in `segments_ids`.
"""
if num_segments is not None:
return gen_math_ops.sparse_segment_sum_with_num_segments(
data=data,
indices=indices,
segment_ids=segment_ids,
num_segments=num_segments,
name=name)
else:
return gen_math_ops.sparse_segment_sum(
data=data, indices=indices, segment_ids=segment_ids, name=name)
@tf_export("sparse.segment_sum", v1=[])
def sparse_segment_sum_v2(data,
indices,
segment_ids,
num_segments=None,
name=None):
r"""Computes the sum along sparse segments of a tensor.
Read [the section on
segmentation](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r2.0/api_docs/python/tf/math#about_segmentation)
for an explanation of segments.
Like `tf.math.segment_sum`, but `segment_ids` can have rank less than `data`'s
first dimension, selecting a subset of dimension 0, specified by `indices`.
`segment_ids` is allowed to have missing ids, in which case the output will
be zeros at those indices. In those cases `num_segments` is used to determine
the size of the output.
For example:
```python
c = tf.constant([[1,2,3,4], [-1,-2,-3,-4], [5,6,7,8]])
# Select two rows, one segment.
tf.sparse.segment_sum(c, tf.constant([0, 1]), tf.constant([0, 0]))
# => [[0 0 0 0]]
# Select two rows, two segment.
tf.sparse.segment_sum(c, tf.constant([0, 1]), tf.constant([0, 1]))
# => [[ 1 2 3 4]
# [-1 -2 -3 -4]]
# With missing segment ids.
tf.sparse.segment_sum(c, tf.constant([0, 1]), tf.constant([0, 2]),
num_segments=4)
# => [[ 1 2 3 4]
# [ 0 0 0 0]
# [-1 -2 -3 -4]
# [ 0 0 0 0]]
# Select all rows, two segments.
tf.sparse.segment_sum(c, tf.constant([0, 1, 2]), tf.constant([0, 0, 1]))
# => [[0 0 0 0]
# [5 6 7 8]]
# Which is equivalent to:
tf.math.segment_sum(c, tf.constant([0, 0, 1]))
```
Args:
data: A `Tensor` with data that will be assembled in the output.
indices: A 1-D `Tensor` with indices into `data`. Has same rank as
`segment_ids`.
segment_ids: A 1-D `Tensor` with indices into the output `Tensor`. Values
should be sorted and can be repeated.
num_segments: An optional int32 scalar. Indicates the size of the output
`Tensor`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `tensor` of the shape as data, except for dimension 0 which
has size `k`, the number of segments specified via `num_segments` or
inferred for the last element in `segments_ids`.
"""
return sparse_segment_sum(
data, indices, segment_ids, name=name, num_segments=num_segments)
@tf_export(v1=["sparse.segment_mean", "sparse_segment_mean"])
@deprecation.deprecated_endpoints("sparse_segment_mean")
def sparse_segment_mean(data,
indices,
segment_ids,
name=None,
num_segments=None):
r"""Computes the mean along sparse segments of a tensor.
Read [the section on
segmentation](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r2.0/api_docs/python/tf/math#about_segmentation)
for an explanation of segments.
Like `tf.math.segment_mean`, but `segment_ids` can have rank less than
`data`'s first dimension, selecting a subset of dimension 0, specified by
`indices`.
`segment_ids` is allowed to have missing ids, in which case the output will
be zeros at those indices. In those cases `num_segments` is used to determine
the size of the output.
Args:
data: A `Tensor` with data that will be assembled in the output.
indices: A 1-D `Tensor` with indices into `data`. Has same rank as
`segment_ids`.
segment_ids: A 1-D `Tensor` with indices into the output `Tensor`. Values
should be sorted and can be repeated.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
num_segments: An optional int32 scalar. Indicates the size of the output
`Tensor`.
Returns:
A `tensor` of the shape as data, except for dimension 0 which
has size `k`, the number of segments specified via `num_segments` or
inferred for the last element in `segments_ids`.
"""
if num_segments is not None:
return gen_math_ops.sparse_segment_mean_with_num_segments(
data=data,
indices=indices,
segment_ids=segment_ids,
num_segments=num_segments,
name=name)
else:
return gen_math_ops.sparse_segment_mean(
data=data, indices=indices, segment_ids=segment_ids, name=name)
@tf_export("sparse.segment_mean", v1=[])
def sparse_segment_mean_v2(data,
indices,
segment_ids,
num_segments=None,
name=None):
r"""Computes the mean along sparse segments of a tensor.
Read [the section on
segmentation](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r2.0/api_docs/python/tf/math#about_segmentation)
for an explanation of segments.
Like `tf.math.segment_mean`, but `segment_ids` can have rank less than
`data`'s first dimension, selecting a subset of dimension 0, specified by
`indices`.
`segment_ids` is allowed to have missing ids, in which case the output will
be zeros at those indices. In those cases `num_segments` is used to determine
the size of the output.
Args:
data: A `Tensor` with data that will be assembled in the output.
indices: A 1-D `Tensor` with indices into `data`. Has same rank as
`segment_ids`.
segment_ids: A 1-D `Tensor` with indices into the output `Tensor`. Values
should be sorted and can be repeated.
num_segments: An optional int32 scalar. Indicates the size of the output
`Tensor`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `tensor` of the shape as data, except for dimension 0 which
has size `k`, the number of segments specified via `num_segments` or
inferred for the last element in `segments_ids`.
"""
return sparse_segment_mean(
data, indices, segment_ids, name=name, num_segments=num_segments)
@tf_export(v1=["sparse.segment_sqrt_n", "sparse_segment_sqrt_n"])
@deprecation.deprecated_endpoints("sparse_segment_sqrt_n")
def sparse_segment_sqrt_n(data,
indices,
segment_ids,
name=None,
num_segments=None):
r"""Computes the sum along sparse segments of a tensor divided by the sqrt(N).
`N` is the size of the segment being reduced.
Args:
data: A `Tensor` with data that will be assembled in the output.
indices: A 1-D `Tensor` with indices into `data`. Has same rank as
`segment_ids`.
segment_ids: A 1-D `Tensor` with indices into the output `Tensor`. Values
should be sorted and can be repeated.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
num_segments: An optional int32 scalar. Indicates the size of the output
`Tensor`.
Returns:
A `tensor` of the shape as data, except for dimension 0 which
has size `k`, the number of segments specified via `num_segments` or
inferred for the last element in `segments_ids`.
"""
if num_segments is not None:
return gen_math_ops.sparse_segment_sqrt_n_with_num_segments(
data=data,
indices=indices,
segment_ids=segment_ids,
num_segments=num_segments,
name=name)
else:
return gen_math_ops.sparse_segment_sqrt_n(
data=data, indices=indices, segment_ids=segment_ids, name=name)
@tf_export("sparse.segment_sqrt_n", v1=[])
def sparse_segment_sqrt_n_v2(data,
indices,
segment_ids,
num_segments=None,
name=None):
r"""Computes the sum along sparse segments of a tensor divided by the sqrt(N).
Read [the section on
segmentation](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r2.0/api_docs/python/tf/math#about_segmentation)
for an explanation of segments.
Like `tf.sparse.segment_mean`, but instead of dividing by the size of the
segment, `N`, divide by `sqrt(N)` instead.
Args:
data: A `Tensor` with data that will be assembled in the output.
indices: A 1-D `Tensor` with indices into `data`. Has same rank as
`segment_ids`.
segment_ids: A 1-D `Tensor` with indices into the output `Tensor`. Values
should be sorted and can be repeated.
num_segments: An optional int32 scalar. Indicates the size of the output
`Tensor`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `tensor` of the shape as data, except for dimension 0 which
has size `k`, the number of segments specified via `num_segments` or
inferred for the last element in `segments_ids`.
"""
return sparse_segment_sqrt_n(
data, indices, segment_ids, name=name, num_segments=num_segments)
[文档]@tf_export("tensordot", "linalg.tensordot")
def tensordot(a, b, axes, name=None):
r"""Tensor contraction of a and b along specified axes and outer product.
Tensordot (also known as tensor contraction) sums the product of elements
from `a` and `b` over the indices specified by `a_axes` and `b_axes`.
The lists `a_axes` and `b_axes` specify those pairs of axes along which to
contract the tensors. The axis `a_axes[i]` of `a` must have the same dimension
as axis `b_axes[i]` of `b` for all `i` in `range(0, len(a_axes))`. The lists
`a_axes` and `b_axes` must have identical length and consist of unique
integers that specify valid axes for each of the tensors. Additionally
outer product is supported by passing `axes=0`.
This operation corresponds to `numpy.tensordot(a, b, axes)`.
Example 1: When `a` and `b` are matrices (order 2), the case `axes = 1`
is equivalent to matrix multiplication.
Example 2: When `a` and `b` are matrices (order 2), the case
`axes = [[1], [0]]` is equivalent to matrix multiplication.
Example 3: When `a` and `b` are matrices (order 2), the case `axes=0` gives
the outer product, a tensor of order 4.
Example 4: Suppose that \\(a_{ijk}\\) and \\(b_{lmn}\\) represent two
tensors of order 3. Then, `contract(a, b, [[0], [2]])` is the order 4 tensor
\\(c_{jklm}\\) whose entry
corresponding to the indices \\((j,k,l,m)\\) is given by:
\\( c_{jklm} = \sum_i a_{ijk} b_{lmi} \\).
In general, `order(c) = order(a) + order(b) - 2*len(axes[0])`.
Args:
a: `Tensor` of type `float32` or `float64`.
b: `Tensor` with the same type as `a`.
axes: Either a scalar `N`, or a list or an `int32` `Tensor` of shape [2, k].
If axes is a scalar, sum over the last N axes of a and the first N axes of
b in order. If axes is a list or `Tensor` the first and second row contain
the set of unique integers specifying axes along which the contraction is
computed, for `a` and `b`, respectively. The number of axes for `a` and
`b` must be equal. If `axes=0`, computes the outer product between `a` and
`b`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `Tensor` with the same type as `a`.
Raises:
ValueError: If the shapes of `a`, `b`, and `axes` are incompatible.
IndexError: If the values in axes exceed the rank of the corresponding
tensor.
"""
def _tensordot_reshape(a, axes, flipped=False):
"""Helper method to perform transpose and reshape for contraction op.
This method is helpful in reducing `math_ops.tensordot` to `math_ops.matmul`
using `array_ops.transpose` and `array_ops.reshape`. The method takes a
tensor and performs the correct transpose and reshape operation for a given
set of indices. It returns the reshaped tensor as well as a list of indices
necessary to reshape the tensor again after matrix multiplication.
Args:
a: `Tensor`.
axes: List or `int32` `Tensor` of unique indices specifying valid axes of
`a`.
flipped: An optional `bool`. Defaults to `False`. If `True`, the method
assumes that `a` is the second argument in the contraction operation.
Returns:
A tuple `(reshaped_a, free_dims, free_dims_static)` where `reshaped_a` is
the tensor `a` reshaped to allow contraction via `matmul`, `free_dims` is
either a list of integers or an `int32` `Tensor`, depending on whether
the shape of a is fully specified, and free_dims_static is either a list
of integers and None values, or None, representing the inferred
static shape of the free dimensions
"""
if a.get_shape().is_fully_defined() and isinstance(axes, (list, tuple)):
shape_a = a.get_shape().as_list()
axes = [i if i >= 0 else i + len(shape_a) for i in axes]
free = [i for i in xrange(len(shape_a)) if i not in axes]
free_dims = [shape_a[i] for i in free]
prod_free = int(np.prod([shape_a[i] for i in free]))
prod_axes = int(np.prod([shape_a[i] for i in axes]))
perm = list(axes) + free if flipped else free + list(axes)
new_shape = [prod_axes, prod_free] if flipped else [prod_free, prod_axes]
if (perm != np.arange(len(shape_a))).any():
a_trans = array_ops.transpose(a, perm)
else:
a_trans = a
if a_trans.get_shape().as_list() != new_shape:
reshaped_a = array_ops.reshape(a_trans, new_shape)
else:
reshaped_a = a_trans
return reshaped_a, free_dims, free_dims
else:
if a.get_shape().ndims is not None and isinstance(axes, (list, tuple)):
shape_a = a.get_shape().as_list()
axes = [i if i >= 0 else i + len(shape_a) for i in axes]
free = [i for i in xrange(len(shape_a)) if i not in axes]
axes_dims = [shape_a[i] for i in axes]
free_dims = [shape_a[i] for i in free]
free_dims_static = free_dims
axes = ops.convert_to_tensor(axes, dtype=dtypes.int32, name="axes")
free = ops.convert_to_tensor(free, dtype=dtypes.int32, name="free")
shape_a = array_ops.shape(a)
else:
free_dims_static = None
shape_a = array_ops.shape(a)
rank_a = array_ops.rank(a)
axes = ops.convert_to_tensor(axes, dtype=dtypes.int32, name="axes")
axes = array_ops.where(axes >= 0, axes, axes + rank_a)
free, _ = array_ops.setdiff1d(range(rank_a), axes)
free_dims = array_ops.gather(shape_a, free)
axes_dims = array_ops.gather(shape_a, axes)
prod_free_dims = reduce_prod(free_dims)
prod_axes_dims = reduce_prod(axes_dims)
if flipped:
perm = array_ops.concat([axes, free], 0)
new_shape = array_ops.stack([prod_axes_dims, prod_free_dims])
else:
perm = array_ops.concat([free, axes], 0)
new_shape = array_ops.stack([prod_free_dims, prod_axes_dims])
reshaped_a = array_ops.reshape(array_ops.transpose(a, perm), new_shape)
return reshaped_a, free_dims, free_dims_static
def _tensordot_axes(a, axes):
"""Generates two sets of contraction axes for the two tensor arguments."""
a_shape = a.get_shape()
if isinstance(axes, compat.integral_types):
if axes < 0:
raise ValueError("'axes' must be at least 0.")
if a_shape.ndims is not None:
if axes > a_shape.ndims:
raise ValueError("'axes' must not be larger than the number of "
"dimensions of tensor %s." % a)
return (list(xrange(a_shape.ndims - axes,
a_shape.ndims)), list(xrange(axes)))
else:
rank = array_ops.rank(a)
return (range(rank - axes, rank,
dtype=dtypes.int32), range(axes, dtype=dtypes.int32))
elif isinstance(axes, (list, tuple)):
if len(axes) != 2:
raise ValueError("'axes' must be an integer or have length 2.")
a_axes = axes[0]
b_axes = axes[1]
if isinstance(a_axes, compat.integral_types) and \
isinstance(b_axes, compat.integral_types):
a_axes = [a_axes]
b_axes = [b_axes]
if len(a_axes) != len(b_axes):
raise ValueError(
"Different number of contraction axes 'a' and 'b', %s != %s." %
(len(a_axes), len(b_axes)))
return a_axes, b_axes
else:
axes = ops.convert_to_tensor(axes, name="axes", dtype=dtypes.int32)
return axes[0], axes[1]
with ops.name_scope(name, "Tensordot", [a, b, axes]) as name:
a = ops.convert_to_tensor(a, name="a")
b = ops.convert_to_tensor(b, name="b")
a_axes, b_axes = _tensordot_axes(a, axes)
a_reshape, a_free_dims, a_free_dims_static = _tensordot_reshape(a, a_axes)
b_reshape, b_free_dims, b_free_dims_static = _tensordot_reshape(
b, b_axes, True)
ab_matmul = matmul(a_reshape, b_reshape)
if isinstance(a_free_dims, list) and isinstance(b_free_dims, list):
if (ab_matmul.get_shape().is_fully_defined() and
ab_matmul.get_shape().as_list() == a_free_dims + b_free_dims):
return ab_matmul
else:
return array_ops.reshape(
ab_matmul, a_free_dims + b_free_dims, name=name)
else:
a_free_dims = ops.convert_to_tensor(a_free_dims, dtype=dtypes.int32)
b_free_dims = ops.convert_to_tensor(b_free_dims, dtype=dtypes.int32)
product = array_ops.reshape(
ab_matmul, array_ops.concat([a_free_dims, b_free_dims], 0), name=name)
if a_free_dims_static is not None and b_free_dims_static is not None:
product.set_shape(a_free_dims_static + b_free_dims_static)
return product
@tf_export("math.polyval")
def polyval(coeffs, x, name=None):
r"""Computes the elementwise value of a polynomial.
If `x` is a tensor and `coeffs` is a list n + 1 tensors,
this function returns the value of the n-th order polynomial
p(x) = coeffs[n-1] + coeffs[n-2] * x + ... + coeffs[0] * x**(n-1)
evaluated using Horner's method, i.e.
p(x) = coeffs[n-1] + x * (coeffs[n-2] + ... + x * (coeffs[1] +
x * coeffs[0]))
Usage Example:
>>> coefficients = [1.0, 2.5, -4.2]
>>> x = 5.0
>>> y = tf.math.polyval(coefficients, x)
>>> y
<tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=float32, numpy=33.3>
Usage Example:
>>> tf.math.polyval([2, 1, 0], 3) # evaluates 2 * (3**2) + 1 * (3**1) + 0 * (3**0)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=int32, numpy=21>
`tf.math.polyval` can also be used in polynomial regression. Taking
advantage of this function can facilitate writing a polynomial equation
as compared to explicitly writing it out, especially for higher degree
polynomials.
>>> x = tf.constant(3)
>>> theta1 = tf.Variable(2)
>>> theta2 = tf.Variable(1)
>>> theta3 = tf.Variable(0)
>>> tf.math.polyval([theta1, theta2, theta3], x)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=int32, numpy=21>
Args:
coeffs: A list of `Tensor` representing the coefficients of the polynomial.
x: A `Tensor` representing the variable of the polynomial.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `tensor` of the shape as the expression p(x) with usual broadcasting
rules for element-wise addition and multiplication applied.
@compatibility(numpy)
Equivalent to numpy.polyval.
@end_compatibility
"""
if not isinstance(coeffs, list):
raise ValueError("Argument coeffs must be list type "
"found {}.".format(type(coeffs)))
with ops.name_scope(name, "polyval", nest.flatten(coeffs) + [x]) as name:
x = ops.convert_to_tensor(x, name="x")
if len(coeffs) < 1:
return array_ops.zeros_like(x, name=name)
coeffs = [
ops.convert_to_tensor(coeff, name=("coeff_%d" % index))
for index, coeff in enumerate(coeffs)
]
p = coeffs[0]
for c in coeffs[1:]:
p = c + p * x
return p
@tf_export("math.reciprocal_no_nan")
def reciprocal_no_nan(x, name=None):
"""Performs a safe reciprocal operation, element wise.
If a particular element is zero, the reciprocal for that element is
also set to zero.
For example:
```python
x = tf.constant([2.0, 0.5, 0, 1], dtype=tf.float32)
tf.math.reciprocal_no_nan(x) # [ 0.5, 2, 0.0, 1.0 ]
```
Args:
x: A `Tensor` of type `float16`, `float32`, `float64` `complex64` or
`complex128`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `Tensor` of same shape and type as `x`.
Raises:
TypeError: x must be of a valid dtype.
"""
with ops.name_scope(name, "reciprocal_no_nan", [x]) as scope:
x = ops.convert_to_tensor(x, name="x")
one = constant_op.constant(1, dtype=x.dtype.base_dtype, name="one")
return gen_math_ops.div_no_nan(one, x, name=scope)
@tf_export("math.xlog1py")
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def xlog1py(x, y, name=None):
r"""Compute x * log1p(y).
Given `x` and `y`, compute `x * log1p(y)`. This function safely returns
zero when `x = 0`, no matter what the value of `y` is.
Example:
>>> tf.math.xlog1py(0., 1.)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=float32, numpy=0.>
>>> tf.math.xlog1py(1., 1.)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=float32, numpy=0.6931472>
>>> tf.math.xlog1py(2., 2.)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=float32, numpy=2.1972246>
>>> tf.math.xlog1py(0., -1.)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=float32, numpy=0.>
Args:
x: A `tf.Tensor` of type `bfloat16`, `half`, `float32`, `float64`,
`complex64`, `complex128`
y: A `tf.Tensor` of type `bfloat16`, `half`, `float32`, `float64`,
`complex64`, `complex128`
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
`x * log1p(y)`.
@compatibility(scipy)
Equivalent to scipy.special.xlog1py
@end_compatibility
"""
with ops.name_scope(name, "xlog1py", [x]):
return gen_math_ops.xlog1py(x, y)
@tf_export("math.erfinv")
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def erfinv(x, name=None):
"""Compute inverse error function.
Given `x`, compute the inverse error function of `x`. This function
is the inverse of `tf.math.erf`.
Args:
x: `Tensor` with type `float` or `double`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
Inverse error function of `x`.
"""
with ops.name_scope(name, "erfinv", [x]):
return gen_math_ops.erfinv(x)
@tf_export("math.ndtri")
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def ndtri(x, name=None):
"""Compute quantile of Standard Normal.
Args:
x: `Tensor` with type `float` or `double`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
Inverse error function of `x`.
"""
with ops.name_scope(name, "ndtri", [x]):
return gen_math_ops.ndtri(x)
@tf_export("math.ceil", v1=["math.ceil", "ceil"])
@deprecation.deprecated_endpoints("ceil")
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def ceil(x, name=None):
"""Return the ceiling of the input, element-wise.
For example:
>>> tf.math.ceil([-1.7, -1.5, -0.2, 0.2, 1.5, 1.7, 2.0])
<tf.Tensor: shape=(7,), dtype=float32,
numpy=array([-1., -1., -0., 1., 2., 2., 2.], dtype=float32)>
Args:
x: A `tf.Tensor`. Must be one of the following types: `bfloat16`, `half`,
`float32`, `float64`. `int32`
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `tf.Tensor`. Has the same type as `x`.
@compatibility(numpy)
Equivalent to np.ceil
@end_compatibility
"""
return gen_math_ops.ceil(x, name)
[文档]@tf_export("math.sqrt", "sqrt")
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def sqrt(x, name=None): # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
r"""Computes element-wise square root of the input tensor.
Note: This operation does not support integer types.
>>> x = tf.constant([[4.0], [16.0]])
>>> tf.sqrt(x)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(2, 1), dtype=float32, numpy=
array([[2.],
[4.]], dtype=float32)>
>>> y = tf.constant([[-4.0], [16.0]])
>>> tf.sqrt(y)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(2, 1), dtype=float32, numpy=
array([[nan],
[ 4.]], dtype=float32)>
>>> z = tf.constant([[-1.0], [16.0]], dtype=tf.complex128)
>>> tf.sqrt(z)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(2, 1), dtype=complex128, numpy=
array([[0.0+1.j],
[4.0+0.j]])>
Note: In order to support complex complex, please provide an input tensor
of `complex64` or `complex128`.
Args:
x: A `tf.Tensor` of type `bfloat16`, `half`, `float32`, `float64`,
`complex64`, `complex128`
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `tf.Tensor` of same size, type and sparsity as `x`.
"""
return gen_math_ops.sqrt(x, name)
# pylint: disable=g-docstring-has-escape
[文档]@tf_export("math.exp", "exp")
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def exp(x, name=None):
r"""Computes exponential of x element-wise. \\(y = e^x\\).
This function computes the exponential of the input tensor element-wise.
i.e. `math.exp(x)` or \\(e^x\\), where `x` is the input tensor.
\\(e\\) denotes Euler's number and is approximately equal to 2.718281.
Output is positive for any real input.
>>> x = tf.constant(2.0)
>>> tf.math.exp(x)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=float32, numpy=7.389056>
>>> x = tf.constant([2.0, 8.0])
>>> tf.math.exp(x)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(2,), dtype=float32,
numpy=array([ 7.389056, 2980.958 ], dtype=float32)>
For complex numbers, the exponential value is calculated as
\\(e^{x+iy}={e^x}{e^{iy}}={e^x}{\\cos(y)+i\\sin(y)}\\)
For `1+1j` the value would be computed as:
\\(e^1{\\cos(1)+i\\sin(1)} = 2.7182817 \\times (0.5403023+0.84147096j)\\)
>>> x = tf.constant(1 + 1j)
>>> tf.math.exp(x)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=complex128,
numpy=(1.4686939399158851+2.2873552871788423j)>
Args:
x: A `tf.Tensor`. Must be one of the following types: `bfloat16`, `half`,
`float32`, `float64`, `complex64`, `complex128`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `tf.Tensor`. Has the same type as `x`.
@compatibility(numpy)
Equivalent to np.exp
@end_compatibility
"""
return gen_math_ops.exp(x, name)
# pylint: enable=g-docstring-has-escape
@tf_export("math.sobol_sample")
def sobol_sample(dim, num_results, skip=0, dtype=dtypes.float32, name=None):
"""Generates points from the Sobol sequence.
Creates a Sobol sequence with `num_results` samples. Each sample has dimension
`dim`. Skips the first `skip` samples.
Args:
dim: Positive scalar `Tensor` representing each sample's dimension.
num_results: Positive scalar `Tensor` of dtype int32. The number of Sobol
points to return in the output.
skip: (Optional) Positive scalar `Tensor` of dtype int32. The number of
initial points of the Sobol sequence to skip. Default value is 0.
dtype: (Optional) The `tf.Dtype` of the sample. One of: `tf.float32` or
`tf.float64`. Defaults to `tf.float32`.
name: (Optional) Python `str` name prefixed to ops created by this function.
Returns:
`Tensor` of samples from Sobol sequence with `shape` [num_results, dim].
"""
with ops.name_scope(name, "sobol", [dim, num_results, skip]):
return gen_math_ops.sobol_sample(dim, num_results, skip, dtype=dtype)
@tf_export("math.rsqrt", v1=["math.rsqrt", "rsqrt"])
@deprecation.deprecated_endpoints("rsqrt")
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def rsqrt(x, name=None):
"""Computes reciprocal of square root of x element-wise.
For example:
>>> x = tf.constant([2., 0., -2.])
>>> tf.math.rsqrt(x)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(3,), dtype=float32,
numpy=array([0.707, inf, nan], dtype=float32)>
Args:
x: A `tf.Tensor`. Must be one of the following types: `bfloat16`, `half`,
`float32`, `float64`. `int32`
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `tf.Tensor`. Has the same type as `x`.
"""
return gen_math_ops.rsqrt(x, name)